JITENDRA MEENA

Multi functional, militarily capable, small

flight vehicles.
size should be less than15cms.
Reynolds no < 10^5.
For a Primarily intended and developed for
defence applications.

Keeps security personnel out of harms by

providing situational awareness right down
to platoon level.
Direct connectivity
Can be individually controlled
Can be used for a wide range of new
missions _ (even unthought before)

Reconnaissance
Surveillance
Defence
applications
Weather forecast
Wildlife study
&photography
Crowd control

Targetting
Border surveillance
Traffic monitoring
Tracking criminals
& illegal activities
Biochemical
sensing
Sesmic detection
inspection of pipes

1.

FLIGHT CONTROL

2.

PROPULSION SYSTEM

3.

COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

4.

GUIDANCE&NAVIGATION

Completely different aerodynamics due to

low Reynolds number
Reynolds no:= inertia force/viscous force
Here viscous forces dominate while at high
Reynolds no:s inertia forces dominate
Reynolds no:=c/
Low reynolds no: flights may have lift to
drag ratioof 5 to 10(conventional flights
have these ratios 3 to 4 times higher)

Due to small size it needs to have high

surface to volume ratios to generate the
required thrust
Aspect ratio=WS/chord length ,or WS/total
wing area
Exact ratio depends upon the total weight
The best aspect ratios usually lie between
1&2
Stability and control issues related to low
weight ,small moment of inertia ,wind
gusts also needs to be addressed

Angle of attack shoud be 5-12 for good

endurance.
If angle of attack <5, low aerodynamic
efficiency
Endurance=/powerequirement
For optimal endurance the mav shoud fly
at7
Hysterisis may occur (lift to drag ratio
different from normalwhen angle of attack
differs)

Use strategies using MEMS to improve

aero dynamic perfomance
Create &install tiny sensors to dynamically
adjust camber(curvature)and shape
depending on instantaneous conditions
miniature actuators can be used to move
the control surfaces like rudders ailerons
and flaps
Flow character over the wings could be
controlled by sensor arrays that detect
shear stresses or fluid vortices
Flexible mebranes or micro flaps to affect
the flow as required

Flow seperation an be mitigated by air sution or

absorption as required,(requires micro valve or
pump),wallheat transfer or electro magnetic force
as required
Exhausted air is directed out of the trailing edge
to prevent flow seperation,which also inreases lift
Micro motors piezoelectricdevices magneto
elastic ribbons are all alternatives for performing
the actuator function in a flight control system
Processing these control systems may require soft
computational techniques like fuzzy logic,neutral
networks,genetical algorithms or knowledge
based systems

Rotary wings, fixed wings, or alternate flapping&

gliding wings could be employed
Wing shape could be circular, elliptical,
rectangular, Zimmerman or inverse Zimmerman
Flapping &gliding and inverse Zimmerman proved
to be most efficient
Wing type depends on requirement
Composite materials ,carbon fibre cloth strips,
carbon fibre-balsawood sand witches are
commonly used
Single or double layer of carbon fibre cloth wetted
with epoxy resin
Balsa wood for frame and carbon fibre glass cloth
for reinforcing critical areas like leading edges and
wing tips is a super combination

Distend (fill) with air or gas

Application in UAV, military

To stow the wings

Can be launched from gun or aircraft

Can be packed to 1/10 of original size

Low mass
Low power requirements
High reusability
It can be steered, accelerated, and
decelerated in level flight.
High stability and control
High lift and slow landing speed

Experiment
conducted using I
2000
It was launched from
800-1000 feet
Inflatable wings
comes out in 1\3 sec
Successfully
controlled the
launch,flight and
landing

 by using piezoelectric
material

actuator can be quartz and substrate can be

aluminum or steel

inflatable wings has smooth surface so low

value of skin friction

Propulsion system alone consumes 90% of

total power
Lithium alkaline batteries
IC engines
Pulse jet engines
Micro jets
Reciprocating chemical muscle
Self consuming system
Lithium battery that recharges using solar
energy and fuel cells are also future
prospects

A video/still camera, various sensors ,a

micro processor, transducers& an omni
directional antennae are the major
components
Challenges are small antennae, restriction
of power available
Based on the application either cellular
communication or satellite
communication could be employed.
CCD cameras and IR sensors, nuclear,
biological or chemical agent sensors,
acoustic sensors could be used.

Completely autonomous navigation system needs

to have the ability to use sensory data for on
board processing thus avoiding obstacles.
(complete dependence on remote is undesirable)
A combination of GPS+inertial sensing is ideal
Geographical information system to provide a
map terrain for infrastructure would be great
Pressure sensors acting as altimeters,
accelerometers, low drift gyroscopes and also
systems capable of locating the mav s position
with respect to the launch point form a part of the
inertial navigation system

Micro Air Vehicles are a class of UAVs whose time has just about
come. A confluence of key events is about to occur that will
enable these versatile aircraft to have military effects
disproportionate to their diminutive size. The supporting
technologies are progressing rapidly to the point that first simple,
short-duration missions will be possible, then with time, more
varied and enduring applications. At the same time, the need for
weapons that help achieve the Joint Chief of Staff vision for
dominant maneuvering precision engagement, full dimensional
protection, and focused logistics will be more pressing than ever.
The military utility of MAVs in this context can only grow as they
come closer to realizing their potential. At the start,
microairvehicles could find application by providing localized
imaging reconnaissance. Then as other key technologies mature,
uses may expand to electronic warfare, nuclear, biological, and
chemical agent warning, and battle damage assessment. Later
still, we could see MAVs autonomously flying through air shafts
reconnoitering deeply buried bunkers and reporting back to
enable proper configuration of penetrating weapons. MAVs might
then proliferate throughout the force structure becoming as much
an arrow in the quiver of the foot soldier as another round on
the hardpoint of a fighters wing.