Failure of publication by leading journals:

Insufficient contribution to body of knowledge in a specific

discipline.

Conceptual framework is not well developed

Methodology is seriously flawed (sample, instrument, statistical

analysis)

Not structured properly or writing style is disorganised

Summers, 2001

Elements of good scientific writing

Good writing skills are essential for
researchers
The influential papers had significantly
shorter sentences that were easier to
understand (Hartley & Sotto,2001)
It develops only through conscious
attention to the details of good writing,
coupled with practice and feedback from
others.

Organization
Good writing is like a good road map > should take the
reader from point A to point B from beginning to end
using straightest possible route > without backtracking,
without detours, without getting the reader lost along
the way;
Present your ideas in an orderly and logical progression;
Make a rough outline of the major points;
Be sure that transitions between one idea and another
are clear;
Need to write transition sentence that explicitly lead the
reader from one paragraph to the next

Clarity
Information be conveyed in a clear, articulate, and unclouded
manner;
Clarity must be a writers first and foremost goal;
Primary factors contribute to the clarity of ones writing: sentence
construction and word choice;
Sentence construction > state your ideas in the most explicit and
straightforward manner possible > one way to do this to avoid
passive voice;
Ovoid overly complicated sentences. Be economical in the pharases;
Choose ones words carefully> say what you mean and mean what
you say (scientific writers dictum) > every day language vs
dictionary definition;
Avoid excessive jargon > every discipline has a specialized
covabulary.

Conciseness
Say what you are going to say as economically as
possible;
Have mercy on your readers
Scientific journals publish a limited number of
pages
Do not use conciseness as an excuse for skimpy
writing
Must contain all necessary information
Ideas must be fully developed, methods described in
details, result examined carefully;
As an admonition to include only the necessary

Proofreading and rewriting

Good writers are rewriters
Revise their papers many times before they allow
anyone else to see them;
Do so with a critical eye
When you proofreading your paper, read it aloud.
The best way I know to spot awkward constructions.
Avoid biased language (gender-neutral language,
generic pronouns, the word man)
Avoid labels, racial and ethnic identity.

Part of manuscript: Manual of the APA (5 th edition)

Research paper should have a minimum

of seven major sections:
Title page
Abstract
Introduction
Method
Result
Discussion
references

Title page
The title, the authorsnames, the
outhorsaffiliations, running head;
Title should state the central topic of the
paper
It should mention the major variables under
investigation;
(summary, catchy and informative)
No more than 12 word

Abstract:

A very brief summary of article

Serves as a window display or advertisement
Readers first scan in order to decide whether or not
reading the article
Should grab the readers attention
Give the reader info about the your work
In 120 word or less, with 3-5 key words
Items (the problems under investigation, the
participants, the research procedures, the findings,
the conclusions or implications)

Introduction:
Serves as an executive summary and stimulates the
readers attention and interest
States the broad theme or topic of the study
Describes practical importance/s of the study
Summarises literature & relevant previous studies
Indicates gaps, inconsistencies, controversies in the
literature that the study addresses
Indicates research problem, objectives, context, unit
analysis of the study
Provides outline of the article structure (optional)

Introduction
Describe for the reader the problem under investigation
and present a background context;
Discusses aspect of the existing research literature that
pertain to the study;
Not an exhaustive review of all research > a selective
review;
Discuss the purpose and rationale of your research
(conceptual background);
State research question or hypothesis
Introduction should proceed in an organized and orderly
fashion;

Method

Describe how the study was conducted

A well-written method > to judge the adequacy of the
procedure that were used provides a context for them to
interpret the findings
Consists of the sub-sections:
Methods and design
Participant (general demographic characteristics);
Instruments (model, parameters);
Procedure (step by step fashion precisely how the
study was conducted, must be presented in sufficient
detail > another researcher could replicate the study)

Method

Results
o All relevant results > even are contrary to predictions;
o Not feel compelled to include every piece of data;
o Not permitted to present only those data selected to support your
hypothesis;
This describes summary of data in the form of:
Descriptive statistics (tables, charts, diagrams)
inferential statistical analysis
Hypothesis tests
Kind of analysis, the degree of freedom, value of the statistic, an
indication of its statistical significance;
Table or figure > when result are too complex and avoid repeating
the same data in both;
With minimal interpretation, elaboration, or discussion.

Method
Discussion
To interpret, evaluate, and discuss finding;
Discuss the result in term of the original purpose of hypothesis;
Most researchers begin the discussion with a statement of the
central findings;
Integrate result with existing theory and previous findings,
referencing otherswork;
Discuss alternative explanation of finding;
Mention limitation of study
Discuss the implications
Discuss directions or opportunity for future research on the topic

Discussion

Restart the studys main purposes

Reaffirm main importance (contrib.) of the srudy

Summarize the results relate to the objectives

Relate each other important findins

Relate the finding with other research findings

Provide possible explanation for unexpected or unsignificant findings

Discuss the implications

Highlight limitation of the study

Discuss directions or opportunity for future research on the topic

Ketentuan Teknis Penulisan

Diketik dengan spasi 1,5 pada kertas A4
denganmenggunakan program MS-Word, menggunakan
huruf times new romansukuran 12 font, panjang artikel
5000-5500 kata;
Judul artikel hendaknya ditulis spesifik, tidak lebih dari 12
kata
Identitas penulis ditulis lengkap tanpa gelar, afiliasi institusi
dan alamat email;
Artikel dilengkapi dengan abstrak Bahasa Inggris dan
Bahasa Indonesia, berisi lebih kurang 120 kata, disertai 3-5
kata kunci;
Penulisan daftar pustaka dan teknis pengutipan
berdasarkan model APA.

Terakhir
Publish or perish
Karena riset.
a systematic process of critical inquiry
leading to valid propositions and
conclusions that are communicated to
interested others
(McLeod, 2005)