BACIC COMPONENTS

OF COMPUTER
SYSTEM

Presented By:

Sourabh Saini
Rajaak bral
Sumeet Singh
What is computer…?

An Electronic Device
that stores, retrieves
and processes data and
can be programmed with
instructions. A computer
is composed of hardware
and software and can
exist in a variety of sizes
and configurations.
What Makes a Computer So
Powerful?
Computers are not intelligent. They will
do only what we ask them to do.
Speed – A computer can perform billions
of calculations per second.
Reliability – The electronic components
are dependable.
Accuracy – If data is entered correctly,
computers generate error-free results.
Storage – Computers can store and
retrieve unlimited amounts of data and
information.
Communications – Computers can
communicate and share resources with
other computers.
HARDWARE AND
SOFTWARE
# The term hardware refers to the
physical components of your
computer such as system unit,
motherboard, mouse , keyboard
etc.

# The software is the instructions

that makes a computer work.
Software is either held on your
computer’s hard disk, cd-rom or
on a diskette and is loaded from
the disk into the computer’s
RAM, as and when required.
COMPONENTS OF
COMPUTER SYSTEM
These are of basically of four types:-

 INPUT DEVICES
 STORAGE
 CPU
 OUTPUT DEVICES
 INPUT
DEVICES

Input devices are used to get data into a

system. The ideal input devices would be
able to get data into a system as
accurately as possible, in the least
amount of time and preferably without
human intervention.
TYPES OF INPUT
DEVICES
1. KEYBOARD
2. MOUSE
3. TRACKBALL
4. JOYSTICK
5. LIGHTPEN
6. OPTICAL MARK READERS
7. OPTICAL CHARACTER READERS
8. BARCODE READERS
9. MICR’S
10.MICROPHONE
 KEYBOARD

Most common and very popular input device.

Layout of keyboard is same as that of a type
writer.
 MOUSE

A mouse is an input device that translates its movements

on the desktop into digital information; this is feed to the
computer which in turn causes the cursor to move on the
screen.
TRACKBALL

A trackball is a pointing
device similar to a roller
ball mouse.
JOYSTICK
Joystick a personal
computer peripheral or
general control device
consisting of a
handheld stick that
pivots about one end
and transmits its angle
in two or three
dimensions to a
computer.
LIGHT PEN
It is a pointing device
which is used to select a
displayed menu item or
draw pictures on the
monitor screen, it has a
photocell and an optical
system placed in a small
tube.
OPTICAL MARK
READER
These are capable of
recognizing a
prescribed type of
mark made by pen or
pencil. These are
used in checking
OMR sheets.
OPTICAL
CHARACTER R
EADER
These devices are
capable of
detecting alphabetic
and numeric
characters printed in
paper, either type-
written or hand
written. Need to take
special care.
 BAR-CODE
READERS

Bar-code reading is
performed by laser
beam scanner which
is linked to a
computer. The laser
beam is stroked
across the pattern of
bits that is recorded
as input data.
MICR
These devices are used in
bank’s to speed up the
processing of large volume
of cheque’s.
It reads the bank
identification code(name,
branch etc),account no.
and cheque no.
Ink containing Iron-oxide
particles is used.
MICROPHONE

This device is used

to input sound ,
which is then stored
in the digital form.
 STORAGE
UNIT

Data and instructions entered into a computer

system through input devices have to be
stored inside the computer system before
actual processing starts.
 PRIMARY
STORAGE

It is also known as main memory.

It is used to hold pieces of program
instructions ,data and intermediate results of
processing which the computer is currently
working.
 RAM

Primary storage of a
computer is often referred
to as RAM because of its
random access memory.
RAM chips are volatile
memory.
SECONDARY
STORAGE

It is also known as auxiliary storage.

It is used to take care of limitation of primary
storage.
 MAGNATIC TAPE
Commonly used
secondary storage
device.
Plastic ribbon is coated
with a magnetizable
recording material.
Data record in the form
of tiny invisible spots
MAGNATIC DISK
It is the most popular
online secondary
storage device.
It is a thin circular plate
made up of plastic.
Data is recorded in
form of tiny invisible
magnetized and non-
magnetized spots
TYPES OF MAGNETIC
DISK
Floppy Disk Hard Disk
 OPTICAL DISK
Consisted of a circular disk, which is coated with
a thin metal.
It is also known as laser disk.
Because laser beam is used for the recording of
data on disk.
 PENDRIVE

It is a new secondary storage

device based on flash memory,
provides easy transport of data
from one computer to another
Compact size in the form of
pen, comes in various shapes
designs.
 PROCESSING
UNIT

 Often referred to as the “brain” of the computer.

 Responsible for controlling all activities of the computer system.
 Performs all Calculations and comparisons.
 C.U and ALU together are known as CPU.
 A.L.U
ALU is the place of the computer system where
actual execution of instructions takes place during
the processing operation.
 Calculations are performed and comparisons are
made in ALU.
Data and instructions stored in primary storage
before processing are transferred as and when
needed to ALU, while processing takes place.
Inter-mediate results generated in ALU are
temporarily transferred back to primary storage until
needed later. Hence data moves to-and-fro between
storage and ALU many times before processing is
over.
SOME
QUESTIONS…?
How does an input device knows that
it is time for it to input the data to
storage unit…?
How does the ALU know, what should
be done with data once it is
received….?
How it is that only results for output
are sent to an output device and not
the intermediate results…?
 CONTROL
UNIT
Control unit acts as a central nervous system for
other components of the computer system.
It manages and co-ordinates the entire computer
system.
It obtains instructions from the program stored
in main memory, interprets the instructions, and
issues signals causing other units of the system
to execute them.
An output device is an
electromechanical
device that accepts
data from a computer
and translate into a
form suitable for use by
outside world.
TYPES OF OUTPUT
Soft-copy output : They are not
on paper or some material that
can be carried for being shown to
others.
Hard-copy output : They
produced on paper or some other
material and they can be carried
for being shown to others.
Monitors
Printers
Plotters
Screen image projector
Voice response system
•The most popular
output devices used
for producing soft-copy
output.
•Display the output on
a television like
screen.
Printers are the
most popular
output
devices used
today
for producing hard
copy output.
They are character printers that print one
character at a time.
Speed usually ranging between 30 to 600
characters per second.
Cheap in cost
They are character printers
that form characters and
all kind of images by
spraying small drops of ink
on paper.
Laser printers are page
printers that print one
page at a time.
They produce very high
quality output because
they form character by
very tiny ink particles.
They produce printed
output with the help of
laser beam.
Plotters are an ideal output device for architects,
engineers, city planners, and others who need to
routinely generate high-precision, hard-copy, graphic
output of varying sizes.
Drum Plotters : in this the paper on which the
design is to be made is placed over a drum
that can be rotate in both clockwise and anti-
clockwise direction.
Flat-bed plotter
In this plotter plots a
design on a sheet of
paper spread and
fixed over a
rectangular flatbed
table. In this paper
does not move only
the pen moves.
 SCREEN IMAGE
PROJECTOR
It is an output device
which used to project
information from
computer on a large
screen.
Useful for making
presentations to a group
of people with direct use
of computer
 VOICE RESPONSE
SYSTEM

Just a speech recognition system allows a user

to talk with computer.
A voice response system has an audio-response
device that produce audio output.