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Definition
Joint: a connection where the
individual
components,
suitable prepared, are
to be
joined by welding or brazing.
Butt joint
T joint
Definition
Weld: a union of pieces made by
welding.
Butt weld
Fillet weld
Types of Joint
Corner joint
External
corner joint
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Internal
corner joint
Double side
corner joint
Types of Joint
Cruciform joint
Lap joint
Features of Welds
Butt weld on plate
Parent
metal
Wel
d
Toe
Roo
t
Fac
e
Toe
HAZ
Features of Welds
Fillet weld on plate
Fac
e
Parent
metal
Wel
d
Roo
t
Toe
HA
Z
Features of Welds
Shape of fillet welds:
Convex fillet
Concave fillet
Mitre fillet
Features of Welds
Excess weld metal:
outside
joining the
Butt weld
Fillet weld
Weld Preparations
Included angle
Bevel
angle
Root
face
Gap
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Weld Preparations
Root
radius
Included angle
Bevel
angle
Root
face
Gap
Land
Size of Welds
Butt welds
t2
t2
t1
t1
t1
Size of Welds
Butt welds
t1
t2
t1, t1= design throat
thickness
t2, t2=actual throat
thickness
t2
t
2
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t1
t1
Size of Welds
Fillet welds
throat
leg
leg
leg size
throat size
Size of Welds
actual
throat
design
throat
design throat
= actual
throat
Size of Welds
Asymmetrical fillet welds
throa
t
leg
leg
Size of Welds
Deep penetration fillet welds
real
throa
t
Type of Weldinterpretation
Corner joint
limits
135
135
30
180
Type of Weldinterpretation
T joint
limits
Lap joint
limits
5
5
90
Lap Joint
Overlap limits for lap
joints:
t
D
D = 4 x t but not less than 25
mm!
See also Design Code
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Slot Weld
d > 3t
but d = minimum 25
mm!
Plug Weld
If t < 10 mm, d = t.
t
Plug Weld
AWS D1.1. Structural Welding Code
requirements for slot and plug welds:
For plug welds, d > t + 8 mm but d< 2.25t.
For slot welds, slot width d > t + 8 mm but d<
2.25t.
Slot length l < 10t.
End radius r > t.
Spacing between slots p > 4d.
Practical design
limitations
Effect of tolerances (mismatch)
t
Correct fit
Practical design
limitations
Correct
design
Corner is melt
away - loss of
weld size! t < t
World Centre for Materials Joining
Practical design
limitations
Cope hole design (see also BS EN 1011-2
Annex B.4)
Straight cut
Cope hole
(not
recommended)
(recommended
)