Professional Documents
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Lec-07
Bond and Development Length
By
Dr. Attaullah Shah
Depar
tment
To force the bar to be the weak link: max * [Lb**db] > max * [*db2/4]
Lb > (max / max)* [db/4]
Development Length
Ld = development length
the shortest distance over which a bar can achieve its full
capacity
The length that it takes a bar to develop its full contribution
to the moment capacity, Mn
Ld
Mn
0
Cc
Mn = (C or T)*(dist)
Ts
max = + fy
Lb > (fy / max)* [db/4]
Lb > fy * db / (4*max)
Concrete Strength, fc
Bond strength, max, tends to increase with concrete
strength.
Experiments have shown this relationship to be
proportional to the square root of fc.
Type of Concrete
Light weight concrete tends to have less bond
strength than does normal weight concrete.
ACI 318-08 introduces a lightweight concrete
reduction factor, , on sqrt(fc) in some equations.
See ACI 318-08, 8.6.1 for details
b. Development Length
Development length is the length of embedment necessary to develop the full tensile strength of bar, controlled by
either pullout or splitting.
In Fig., let
maximum M at a and zero at support
fs at a T = Ab fs _
Development length concept total tension force must be transferred from the bar to the concrete in the
distance l by bond stress on the surface.
To fully develop the strength T = Ab fy
ld , development length
Safety against bond failure: the length of the bar from any point of given steel stress to its nearby end must be at least
equal to its development length. If the length is inadequate, special anchorage can be provided.
Limit
Depar
tment
22
Example:
23
Continue:
24
Depar
tment
Continue:
25
26
27
28
29
Department of
Example
Depar
tment
30
31
DEVELOPMENT OF BARS IN
COMPRESSION
Reinforcement may be
required to develop its
compressive strength by
embedment under various
circumstances.
ACI basic development
length in compression
Depar
tment
Rule 2.
Structural Integrity
Mn
ld
la
Vu
a
M n As f y d
2
where, a
As f y
0.85 f cb
M nb
a
Abs f y d
2
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0
10
ft
12
14
16
18
20
M nb Asb f y d
2
2
3.16
in
50 ksi
As f y
5.2 in.
0.85 f cb 0.85 3 ksi 12 in.
M nb
M ub
5.2 in.
0.79 in 50 ksi 20 in.
688 k-in.
2500
1860 k-in
k-in
2000
1240 k-in
1500
1000
620 k-in
500
0
0
10
ft
12
14
16
18
20
2500
1860 k-in
k-in
2000
1500
1240 k-in
1000
620 k-in
500
0
0
10
ft
12
14
16
b
18
20
ld
f y d b
20 f c
20 3000
Example Cutoff
For the simply
supported beam with
b=10 in. d =17.5 in.,
fy=40 ksi and fc=3 ksi
with 4 #8 bars. Show
where the reinforcing
bars can be terminated.
Example Cutoff
Determine the moment capacity of the bars.
a
M nb
As f y
0.85 f cb
3.16 in 40 ksi
4.93 in.
0.79 in 40 ksi 17.5 in.
4.93 in.
Example Cutoff
Determine the location of the bar intersections of
moments.
M x M 0 mx
Example Cutoff
Determine the location of the bar intersections of
moments.
Example Cutoff
Determine the location of the bar intersections of
moments.
Example Cutoff
The minimum distance is
la 12d b or d
ld
f y d b
20 f c
20 3000
Example Cutoff
The minimum amount of bars are As/3 or two bars
Example Cutoff
The cutoff for the first bar is 41 in. or 3 ft 5 in. and 18 in
or 1 ft 6 in. total distance is 41 in.+18 in. = 59 in. or 4 ft
11 in.
Example Cutoff
The cutoff for the second bar is 83 in. + 18 in. 101 in. or
8 ft 5 in. (37-in+5-in+18-in+41-in= 101-in.)
Example Cutoff
The moment diagram is the blue line and the red line is
the envelope which encloses the moment diagram.
Bar Splices
Why do we need bar splices? -- for long spans
Types of Splices
1.
Butted &Welded
2.
Mechanical Connectors
3.
Lay Splices
Contact Splice
2.
Non-Contact Splice (distance between the
1/5 of the splice length
bars 6 and
ACI 12.14.2.3)
Splice length (development length) is the distance
the two bars are overlapped.
Types of Splices
Class A Splice
(ACI
12.15.2)
As provided
When
2 over entire splice
As req'd
length.
and 1/2 or less of total reinforcement is
spliced win the reqd lay length.
Types of Splices
Class B Splice
(ACI 12.15.2)
where As (reqd)
ld
Lap Splices shall not be used for bars larger than No. 11.
(ACI 12.14.2)
Lap Splices should be placed in away from regions of
high tensile stresses -locate near points of inflection
(ACI 12.15.1)
12 in.
3 fy
ld
d b 40 f c c K tr
db
3 60000
1.0
42.4 43 in.
40 5000 1.5 in. 0
1.0
in.
ld 0.02 f y
0.003 f y
db
fc
0.02 60000
16.97 or 18
5000
ld 18 1.27 in. 22.86 in. ld 23 in.
Check ls > 0.005 db fy = 38.1 in. So ls = 39 in.