ECG/EKG

ECG is used to measure the rate and

regularity of heartbeats as well as the size
and position of the chambers, the presence
of any damage to the heart, and the effects
of drugs or devices used to regulate the
heart (such as a pacemaker)
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RED RIGTH ARM WHITE

YELLOW LEFT ARM BLACK
GREEN LEFT LEG RED
BLACK RIGTH LEG GREEN
INDIVIDUAL CHEST LEADS

WHITE /RED C1 / V1 BROWN /RED

WHITE /YELLOW C2 / V2 BROWN /YELLOW
WHITE /GREEN C3/ V3 BROWN /GREEN
WHITE /BROWN C4/ V4 BROWN /BLUE
WHITE /BLACK C5 / V5 BROWN /ORANGE
WHITE /VIOLET C6/ V6 BROWN / PURPLE
 ECG INTERPRETATION
 P WAVE – ELECTRICAL INPULSES IN THE SINUS NODE AND
SPREADING IN THROUGH THE ATRIA.
 REPRESENT ATRIAL DEPOLARIZATION
 NORMALLY 2.5 MM OR LESS IN HEIGHT
 .11 SECOND OR LESS IN DURATION
DISTURBANCE:
PR: 280ms – 1st degree AV Block
No P wave – Complete AV BLOCK
 QRS COMPLEX
(VENTRICULAR DEPOLARIZATION)
normally is less than .12 sec. In duartion

Q wave – the first negative deflection

after the P- wave.
 Normally less than .04sec. In duration and
less than 25% of the R-wave amplitude.
 Signifies OLD MI (Treated)
R wave - is the first (+) deflection
after the P- wave.
Small – heart is compressed, cardiac tamponade

S wave -is the first negative

deflection after the Rwave.
T WAVE -Represents ventricular
repolarization .
Usually the same direction as the QRS complex.
INVERTED – ischemia
Flat – hypokalemia
Peak/Elevated – hyperkalemia
U wave – represents repolarization
of the purkinje fiber.
Seen in the patient with
hypokalemia, hypertension or
heart dxs – CHF, Pericarditis
PROMINENT-Hypokalemia
PR interval – normal ranges
from .12 to .20 sec. In duration.
Measured from the beginning of
the P-wave to the beginning of
the QRS complex.
 ST segment – Represent early ventricular repolarization,
last from the end of the QRS complex to the beginning of
the T wave.
LONG – hypocalcemia
SHORT – hyperkalemia
DEPRESSION – Angina
ELEVATED - MI
QT interval – measured from the
beginning of the QRS complex to
the end of T wave.
Usually .32 to .40 sec. In
duration if the heart rate is 65 to
95 beats per minutes.
SHORT- digitalis toxicity
TP interval – measured from the
end of the T wave to the beginning
of the next P wave.
It is an isoelectric period
PP interval – measured from the
beginning of one P wave to the
beginning of the next
Used to determine atrial rate
and rhythm.
RR interval – measured from one
QRS complex to the next QRS
complex.
Used to determine
ventricularrate and rhythm.
Measure Cardiac Rate – brady
or tachy
ST SEGMENT ELEVATION
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