Burns

It is an injury involving the skin,

including the muscles, bones,
nerves and blood vessels. This
results from heat, chemical or
radiation. It may vary from depth,
size and severity and cause damage
cell in the affected area.
Kinds/Classifications of Burns due to source:
1.Thermal burns – most common type of burn is caused by
heat.
2.Chemical burns – occurs from any toxic substances that
come in contact with the body (e.g. strong acid, alkalis,
3. Electrical burns – occurs as a result of contact with
high/low voltage electricity.
4. Radioactive Agents –e.g chemotherapeutic agents
 INFANT 5-9 Y/O
ANTERIOR POSTERIOR ANTERIOR POSTERIOR
HEAD 9.5 9.5 6.5 6.5
NECK 1 1 1 1
UPPER ARM 2 2 2 2
LOWER ARM 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.
5HAND 13 1.25 1.25 1.25
TRUNK 13 13
BACK 13 13
GENITAL 1 1
BUTTOCKS 2.5 2.5
THIGH 2.75 2.75 4 4
LEG 2.5 2.5 3 3
FOOT 1.75 1.75 1.75 1.75
Kinds/Classification of burns by depth:
st
1. 1 degree burn (superficial burns) – there’s redness, no
edema, blanches with pressure and is painful. It is soothed
by cooling (e.g. sunburn, flame) affected tissue is epidermis
 nd
2 degree burn (partial thickness burns) – most painful type of
burn, hyperesthesia, blisters, moist and edema. Affected tissue:
epidermis, dermis
 rd
1. 3 degree burn (ful thickness burn) – painless, symptoms
of shock, dry, pale, white/charred (discolored); broken skin
with fat exposed. Affected tissue : epidermis, dermis,
subcutaneous tissue and bones
1. The depth
2. The amount of surface area (total body surface area- TBSA)
3.Involvement of critical areas
4.the patient's age
5. patient's general health
FIRST AID (Pre-Hospital Emergency Care)

1.Stop the burning processand prevent injury

2.(For thermal burns and chemical burns)Burned areas and
adherent clothing are soaked with cold water briefly to
1.Cover the burned area with dry, sterile and non-adhesive
dressing.
2.Support the patient's vital body functions.(airway-
priority)
Never use ointment, lotion/antiseptic of any kind.
(ir itant)
Transport the patient promptly to the hospital that has
necessary capabilities to care for burns.
If finger or toes have burned, separate them with dry,
sterile, non-adhesive dressing.
for airway burns
MANAGEMENTS
1. FIR ST AID
a. put out flames by rollin g child on blanket
b. im merse burned part on cold water
c. remove burned clothin g of wit h sterile material
d. cover burn wit h sterile dressin g
 d. cover burn wit h sterile dressin g
1. a/w
a. suction PRN, o2 wit h in creased humid ity
b. endotracheal in tubation
 c. tracheostomy
1. PREVENTION OF SHOCK AND F&E INBALANCE
a. colloid s to expand blood volu me
3.PREVENTIO N OF SHOCK AND F&E INBALANCE
a. colloid s to expand blood volu me
c. tracheostomy
5.PREVENTIO N OF SHOCK AND F&E INBALANCE
a. colloid s to expand blood volu me
6. Teta nus toxoid boosters
6. relie f of pain wit h t h e use of IV analgesic morp hin e S04, needed for
nd
2 degree, very pain fu l
st
defense of body-in ta ct skin
PREVENTIO N OF WOUND INFECTIO N
A. cleanin g and debrid in g of wound
B. open or close method care
C. whirlp ool therapy, drum wit h solu tion
 rd
7. kin graftin g- 3 degree, thigh or buttocks (a utograft), pigs/anim als ,
xenograft frozen cadaver, hallow graft .
8. diet- in crease CHON, in crease calo rie s