IBM SyNAPSE

A Presentation by:

Samyak Ashok Jain

0905EC121135

VISION
WhenWatsondefeated Brad Rutter and Ken Jennings in the
Jeopardy! Challenge of February 2011, it was clear that a
new kind of computing system was emerging one that
could learn, reason, and understand natural language.
IBM hoped to close the gap between humans and machines
by creating computer chips modelled on biological brains.
IBM started to work on a chip that can mimic the neural
networks found inside your head.
And finally the 1st prototype of this chip unveiled on 7 th
August 2014.

DEVELOPERS OF SyNAPSE
Dharmendra

Modha:

Chief Scientist Brain Inspired Computing at IBM

International.
The architecture can solve a wide class of problems from
vision,
audition, and multi-sensory
fusion, and has the potential to revolutionize the computer
industry by integrating brain-like capability into devices where
computation is constrained by power and speed.

Other renowned scientists are:

Stanford University:Brian A. Wandell, H.-S. Philip Wong
Cornell University: Rajit Manohar
IBM Research: Rajagopal Ananthanarayanan, Bipin Rajendran,
Raghavendra Singh
Columbia University Medical Center: Stefano Fusi
University of California, Merced: Christopher Kello

introduction
SyNAPSEis aDARPAprogram that aims to develop
electronicneuromorphicmachine technology that scales to
biological levels.
More simply stated, it is an attempt to build a new kind
ofcognitive computerwith similar form, function, and
architecture to themammalianbrain.
Suchartificial brainswould be used in robots
whoseintelligencewould scale with the size of the neural
system in terms of total number of neurons and synapses
and their connectivity.
SyNAPSE is abackronymstanding forSystems of
Neuromorphic Adaptive Plastic Scalable Electronics. The
name alludes to synapses, the junctions between biological
neurons.

INFOGRAPHIC: BRAIN
POWER!
What is a cognitive chip?
The latest SyNAPSE chip, introduced on August 7, 2014,
has the potential to transform mobility by spurring
innovation around an entirely new class of applications
with sensory capabilities at incredibly low power levels.
This is enabled by an revolutionary new technology
design inspired by the human brain.
IBM built a new chip with a brain-inspired computer
architecture powered by an unprecedented 1 million
neurons and 256 million synapses.
It is the largest chip IBM has ever built at 5.4 billion
transistors, and has an on-chip network of 4,096
neurosynaptic cores. Yet, it only consumes 70mW
during real-time operation orders of magnitude less
energy than traditional chips.

ARCHITECTURE
Like existing chips, the SyNAPSE chips circuits are based on
switch-like silicon devices called transistors.
But they are arranged in a way that breaks with the basic
architecture used in computers for the last 70 years.
That architecture forces computers to work on tasks as a
series of step-by-step instructions, like a recipe.
Brains and IBMs new chip can be more efficient because
they can execute many different instructions
simultaneously.
The SyNAPSE chip has a network of 1m fake neurons
connected by 256m fake synapses that is r0ughly on a scale
0f a bee brain, but way behind an human brain which has
10bn neurons and 100trn synapses.
But it has been recently shown that the chips can be tiled
together, offering a route to much greater power.

WORKING METHDOLOGY
When researchers train software to do things like recognise
faces or cats,as Google has done, it requires hundreds or
thousands of computers, consuming vast amounts of
energy.
The human brain can do so much more and uses only what
an energy-saving light bulb would.
This chip developed by IBM isnt great at the stuff
traditional computers excel at.
Instead it is far better suited to pattern recognition and
processing images, sound and other sensory data.
And the chip, which is the size of a postage stamp, requires
a strikingly small amount of power about that of a
hearing-aid battery.
IBM says its descendants could bring brain-like abilities to
everything from smartphones to robots.