Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Stone Age
Bronze Age
Iron Age
Now?
Silicon Age?
Polymer Age?
Chapter 1 - 1
Chapter 1 - 2
Hardness (BHN)
600
500
400
(c)
(a)
(b)
4 m
300
200
30 m
30 m
100
0.01 0.1
30 m
1
10 100 1000
Cooling Rate (C/s)
Types of Materials
Metals:
Strong, ductile
High thermal & electrical conductivity
Opaque, reflective.
Chapter 1 - 4
2. Properties
3. Material
Chapter 1 - 5
ELECTRICAL
Electrical Resistivity of Copper:
6
(10-8 Ohm-m)
Resistivity,
5
4
3
2
1
0
Cu
.3
3
+
2a
i
t %N
Ni
%
t
Ni
16 a
.
%
t
2
a
+
2
1
.
Cu
+1
u
C
d
e
i
rm
o
N
f
e
%
t
d
a
2
1
.
+1
u
C
Cu
e
r
Pu
-200
-100
T (C)
THERMAL
-- Silica fiber insulation
offers low heat conduction.
Thermal Conductivity
of Copper:
Chapter-opening
photograph, Chapter 17,
Callister & Rethwisch 3e.
(Courtesy of Lockheed
Missiles and Space
Company, Inc.)
-- It decreases when
you add zinc!
Thermal Conductivity
(W/m-K)
100 m
400
300
200
100
0
0
10 20 30 40
Composition (wt% Zinc)
Chapter 1 - 7
MAGNETIC
Magnetic Storage:
vs. Composition:
-- Adding 3 atomic % Si
makes Fe a better
recording medium!
Magnetization
-- Recording medium
is magnetized by
recording head.
Magnetic Permeability
Fe+3%Si
Fe
Magnetic Field
Fig. 21.23, Callister & Rethwisch 9e.
(Courtesy of HGST, a Western Digital Company.)
Chapter 1 - 8
OPTICAL
Transmittance:
-- Aluminum oxide may be transparent, translucent, or
opaque depending on the materials structure (i.e.,
single crystal vs. polycrystal, and degree of porosity).
single crystal
polycrystal:
no porosity
polycrystal:
some porosity
Chapter 1 - 9
DETERIORATIVE
Stress & Saltwater...
-- causes cracks!
10-8
as-is
held at
160C for 1 hr
before testing
10-10
increasing load
Chapter 1 - 10
SUMMARY
Course Goals:
Use the right material for the job.
Understand the relation between properties,
structure, and processing.
Recognize new design opportunities offered
by materials selection.
Chapter 1 - 11