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Introduction
SUBJECT: Mathematics
UNIT : Set concepts
STANDARD: IX
INDEX
1. Objectives
2. Definition of set
3. Properties of sets
4. Set theory
5. Venn Diagram
6. Set Representation
7. Types of Sets
8.
Operation on Sets
Objectives
Understanding set theory helps people
to
see things in terms of systems
organize things into groups
begin to understand logic
Definition of set
A set is a well defined collection of
objects.
Individual objects in set are called as
elements of set.
e. g. 1. Collection of even numbers
between 10 and 20.
2. Collection of flower or bouquet.
Properties of Sets
1 Sets are denoted by capital letters.
Set notation : A ,B, C ,D
2. Elements of set are denoted by small
letters.
Element notation : a,d,f,g,
For example SetA= {x,y,v,b,n,h,}
Monday A
January A
Set Theory
Georg cantor
Venn Diagrams
Born in 1834 in England.
Devised a simple
diagramatic way to
represent sets.
Here set are represented
by closed figures such as :
.2
.6
.8
.a .i
.g .y
John Venn
Set Representation
There are two main ways of
representing sets.
1. Roaster method or Tabular method.
2. Set builder method or Rule method
Cardianility of set
Number of element in a set is called as
cardianility of set.
No of elements in set n (A)
e.g Set A= {he,she, it,the, you}
Here no. of elements are n |A|=5
Singleton set containing only one elements
e.g Set A={3}
Types of set
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Empty set
Finite set
Infinite set
Equal set
Equivalent set
Subset Universal set
Equal sets
Two sets k and R are called equal if
they have equal numbers and of similar
types of elements.
For e.g. If k={1,3,4,5,6}
R={1,3,4,5,6} then both
Empty sets
A set which does not contain any elements
is called as Empty set or Null or Void set.
Denoted by or { }
e.g. Set A= {set of months containing
32 days}
Here n (A)= 0; hence A is an empty set.
e.g. set H={no of cars with three wheels}
Here n (H)= 0; hence it is an empty set.
Finite set
Set which contains definite no of
element.
e.g. Set A= {,,,}
Infinite set
A set which contains indefinite
numbers of elements.
Set A= { x|x is a of whole numbers}
Set B =
Subset
Sets which are the part of
another set are called subsets of
the original set. For example, if
A={3,5,6,8} and B ={1,4,9}
then B is a subset of A it is
represented as BA
Every set is subset of itself i.e A
.3
.5
.6.
.8
.1
.4
.9
Universal set
The universal set is the set of all
elements pertinent to a given
discussion
It is designated by the symbol U
e.g. Set T ={The deck of ordinary
playing cards}. Here each card is an
element of universal set.
Set A= {All the face cards}
Set B= {numbered cards}
Set C= {Poker hands} each of these
sets are Subset of universal set T
Operation on Sets
Intersection of sets
Union of sets
Difference of two sets
Complement of a set
Intersection of sets
Let A and B be two sets. Then the set
of all common elements of A and B is
called the Intersection of A and B and
is denoted by AB
Let A={1,2,3,7,11,13}}
B={1,7,13,4,10,17}}
Union of sets
Let A and B be two given
sets then the set of all
elements which are in
the set A or in the set B
is called the union of two
sets and is denoted by
AUB and is read as A
union B
Union ofSet A= {1, 2, 3, 4, ={0, 2, 4,
6}
5, 6}and Set B
Disjoint sets
Sets that have no
common members are
called disjoint sets.
Example: Given that
U=
{1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}
setA={1,2,3,4,5}
setC={ 8,10}
No common elements
hence set A and are
disjoint set.
Summarisation
1. Definition of set andProperties of
sets
2. Set theory
3. Venn Diagram
4. Set Representation
5. Types of Sets
Home work
1 Write definition of set concepts.
2 What is intersection and union of
sets.
3 Explain properties of sets with
examples.
Applications
1. A set having no element is empty set.
( yes/no)
2.A set having only one element is singleton
set. (yes/no)
3.A set containing fixed no of elements.
{ finite/ infinite set)
4.Two set having no common element.
(disjoint set /complement set)