EFFECTS

PROBLEM
CAUSES

PROBLEM TREE

Environmental Factors

Attitude
Skills

Use of dirty hand in

eating (nagkakamay)

Knowledge

Reinforcing Factors
Enabling Factors

Cause

Predisposing Factors

Behavioral and Lifestyle Factors

Use of
contaminated
water sources

Improper or
Infrequent
handwashing
and other
unhygienic
practices
Lack of knowledge
on proper hygiene

Consumption of
contaminated food
from food stalls and at
home

Spread of pathogen
in unprotected food

Habit of
nailbiting and
finger licking
or thumb
sucking

Failure to
employ proper
sterilization
technique
Improper preparation and
Improper Waste
handling of Food
and Excreta
Disposal

Habit of
scratching
anal area

Increase source of
person to person
contact

Lack of knowledge
on proper food
handlers
Poor caretaker
guidance on
proper hygiene

Lax implementation of
the P.D. 856 or Code on

Overcrowding

Poor food storage

Increase population
of pests (flies,
cockroach)
Lack of knowledge
on waste
segregation
Increase
Increase
likelihood
of
source of
littering
waste
Lack of trash bins
around the

Efect

Poverty
High
educational
cost
Increase
number of years
in school

Cause

Problem

Increase
number of
drop outs

Unemployment

Less job
opportunitie
s

High
hospitalization &
health
maintenance
High
morbidity
cost
Increase
disease
susceptibility

Layoff at work

Increase
absences at work
Poor
and school
performance at
Poor attention and
work and school
cognitive function

Poor immunity

Malnutrition

Prevalence of Diarrhea

OBJECTIVE TREE

Environmental Factors

Attitude
Skills

To use of clean hands

in eating (nagkakamay)

Knowledge

Reinforcing Factors
Enabling Factors

Cause

Predisposing Factors

Behavioral and Lifestyle Factors

To prevent
To prevent spread of
consumption of
pathogen in
contaminated food
unprotected food
To avoid habit
from food stalls and at
of scratching
home
anal area
To avoid habit
To practice proper
To prevent
of nailbiting
food storage
use of
To employ
and finger
contaminated
proper
licking or
water sources
sterilization
thumb sucking
To decrease or
technique
totally
eradicate
To practice
To practice proper
To practice proper
population
of pest
proper
To decrease
Waste and
preparation and
handwashing
source of person
Excreta Disposal
handling of Food
To increase
and other
to person contact
knowledge on waste
unhygienic
segregation
practices
To increase
To avoid the
To eliminate
knowledge on proper
likelihood
of
source of
To increase knowledge
food handlers
on proper hygiene
littering
waste
Poor caretaker
guidance on
To strictly implement the
To increase number
To eliminate
proper hygiene
P.D. 856 or Code on
of
trash bins around
Overcrowding

To reduce Poverty

Efect

To reduce
educational
cost
To prevent
increase number
of years in school
To reduce
number of drop
outs

To decrease
Unemployme
nt

To reduce
hospitalization &
health
maintenance cost

To increase
job
opportunities
To avoid Layoff
at work

To reduce
morbidity
To reduce
disease
susceptibility
To improve
immunity

Cause

Problem

To decrease
absences at work
and school

To improve
performance at
work and school
To improve attention
and cognitive
function

Prevalence of Diarrhea

To prevent
Malnutrition

ALTERNATIVE TRE