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CHAPTER MECHANICS OF
6 MATERIALS
Ferdinand P. Beer
E. Russell Johnston, Jr.
John T. DeWolf
Shearing Stresses in
Beams and Thin-
Lecture Notes:
J. Walt Oler
Walled Members
Texas Tech University
Introduction
• Transverse loading applied to a beam
results in normal and shearing stresses in
transverse sections.
• Substituting,
VQ
∆H = ∆x
I
∆H VQ
q= = = shear flow
∆x I
Example 6.01
SOLUTION:
• Determine the horizontal force per
unit length or shear flow q on the
lower surface of the upper plank.
Example 6.01
SOLUTION:
• Determine the horizontal force per
unit length or shear flow q on the
lower surface of the upper plank.
VQ (500 N )(120 × 10−6 m3 )
q= =
I 16.20 × 10-6 m 4
Q = Ay
= 3704 N
= ( 0.020 m × 0.100 m )( 0.060 m ) m
= 120 × 10− 6 m3
• Calculate the corresponding shear
I 1 ( 0.020 m )( 0.100 m ) 3
= 12 force in each nail for a nail spacing
+ 2[12 1 ( 0.100 m )( 0.020 m ) 3 of 25 mm.
F = (0.025 m)q = (0.025 m)(3704 N m
+ ( 0.020 m × 0.100 m )( 0.060 m ) 2 ]
−6 4 F = 92.6 N
= 16.20 × 10 m
SOLUTION:
• Develop shear and bending moment
diagrams. Identify the maximums.
• Determine the beam depth based on
allowable normal stress.
A timber beam is to support the three • Determine the beam depth based on
concentrated loads shown. Knowing
allowable shear stress.
that for the grade of timber used,
σ all = 1800 psi τ all = 120 psi • Required beam depth is equal to the
larger of the two depths found.
determine the minimum required depth
d of the beam.
Vmax = 3 kips
M max = 7.5 kip ⋅ ft = 90 kip ⋅ in
Example 6.04
SOLUTION:
• Determine the shear force per unit
length along each edge of the upper
plank.
Example 6.04
SOLUTION:
• Determine the shear force per unit
length along each edge of the upper
plank.
q= =
(
VQ ( 600 lb ) 4.22 in 3 )
= 92 . 3
lb
I 27.42 in 4 in
q lb
f = = 46.15
2 in
For the upper plank, = edge force per unit length
Q = A′y = ( 0.75in.)( 3 in.)(1.875 in.)
• Based on the spacing between nails,
= 4.22 in 3
determine the shear force in each
nail.
For the overall beam cross-section,
lb
1 ( 4.5 in ) − 1 ( 3 in )
3 3 F = f = 46.15 (1.75 in )
I = 12 12 in
= 27.42 in 4 F = 80.8 lb
Plastic Deformations
I
• Recall: M Y = σ Y = maximum elastic moment
c
• For M = PL < MY , the normal stress does
not exceed the yield stress anywhere along
the beam.
• For PL > MY , yield is initiated at B and B’.
For an elastoplastic material, the half-thickness
of the elastic core is found from
3 1 yY2
Px = M Y 1 − 2
2 3c
• The section becomes fully plastic (yY = 0) at
the wall when
3
PL = M Y = M p
2
• Maximum load which the beam can support is
Mp
Pmax =
L
© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 6 - 20
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Edition
Third
Beer • Johnston • DeWolf
Plastic Deformations
• Preceding discussion was based on
normal stresses only
3P
τ max =
2 A′
SOLUTION:
• For the shaded area,
Q = ( 4.31in )( 0.770 in )( 4.815 in )
= 15.98 in 3
Example 6.05
• Determine the location for the shear center of the
channel section with b = 4 in., h = 6 in., and t = 0.15 in.
Fh
e=
I
• where
b b VQ
Vb h
F = ∫ q ds = ∫ ds = ∫ st ds
0 0 I I0 2
Vthb 2
=
4I
1 3 1 3 h
2
I = I web + 2 I flange = th + 2 bt + bt
12 12 2
1 th 2 ( 6b + h )
≅ 12
• Combining,
b 4 in.
e= = e = 1.6 in.
h 6 in.
2+ 2+
3b 3( 4 in.)
© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 6 - 25
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Edition
Third
Beer • Johnston • DeWolf
Example 6.06
• Determine the shear stress distribution for
V = 2.5 kips.
q VQ
τ= =
t It
• Shearing stresses in the flanges,
VQ V h Vh
τ= = ( st ) = s
It It 2 2I
Vhb 6Vb
τB =
(12 ) =
2 1 th 2 ( 6b + h ) th( 6b + h )
6( 2.5 kips )( 4 in )
= = 2.22 ksi
( 0.15 in )( 6 in )( 6 × 4 in + 6 in )
• Shearing stress in the web,
τ max = =
( )
VQ V 8 ht ( 4b + h ) 3V ( 4b + h )
1
=
It 1
12
th ( 6b + h ) t 2th( 6b + h )
2
3( 2.5 kips )( 4 × 4 in + 6 in )
= = 3.06 ksi
2( 0.15 in )( 6 in )( 6 × 6 in + 6 in )
© 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 6 - 26