UNIT III

GENERAL HEALTH CARE

ASSO. PROF. MA. CRISTINA C.

DORIA
UST Faculty of Pharmacy

1. HEALTH PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

WELLNESS
an integrated method of functioning
oriented toward maximizing the potential of which
the individual is capable, within the environment
where he is functioning.

HEALTH PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

ILLNESS
individuals perception of any condition that causes
the individual to be concerned and seek help
a legitimate excuse for not going to work or
school.

HEALTH PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

BASIC HUMAN NEEDS

Each individual has unique characteristics
Certain needs common to all people

HEALTH PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

HUMAN NEEDS
To achieve a state of health and well-being
- Physiologic and psychologic conditions that
the individual must meet

HEALTH PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

THE NEED HIERARCHY

Theorists advanced the concept of a need
hierarchy
ABRAHAM MASLOW developed the most popular
version in the management filed in the 1940s.

HEALTH PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

ABRAHAM MASLOW
proposed that:
- people want to satisfy various needs
- these needs can be arranged in a hierarchy of
importance.
Ranked basic human needs according to what is
crucial for survival.

HEALTH PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

Maslows Hierarchy of Needs

assumes there are 5 need levels that must be
satisfied sequentially.
avers that physiologic needs are to be given
highest priorities over a higher-level need

HEALTH PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

I. PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS

air
food
sex
rest and sleep

HEALTH PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

I. PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS
IN THE WORKPLACE:
adequate wages
satisfactory work environment
- adequate lighting
- temperature
- ventilation

HEALTH PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

II. SAFETY & SECURITY NEEDS

secured physical and emotional environment
psychological safety
need to be free from worry about money and job
security
need for shelter and freedom from harm and
danger

HEALTH PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

II. SAFETY & SECURITY NEEDS

IN THE WORKPLACE:
Job continuity (no layoffs)
A grievance system (to protect against arbitrary
action)
An adequate health insurance and retirement
package (for security against illness and eventual
retirement)

HEALTH PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

III. LOVE & BELONGINGNESS NEEDS

involve social processes
The need for affection; to associate or to belong
the need to love and be loved
the need to be accepted by ones peers
combination of family and community relationships
outside the job
friendship on the job
the need to establish fruitful and meaningful
relationships with people, institution or organization

HEALTH PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

III. LOVE & BELONGINGNESS NEEDS

IN THE WORKPLACE:
Encourage social interaction
Involvement of employee/ team/ group work
Sensitivity to an employees family problems

HEALTH PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

IV. SELF-ESTEEM NEEDS

2 Different Sets of Needs:
The need for:
1. a positive selfimage or self-respect
2. recognition and respect from others

HEALTH PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

IV. SELF-ESTEEM NEEDS

Self-worth
Self-identity
Self-respect
Body image
(need to be well thought of by oneself as well as by
others)

HEALTH PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

IV. SELF-ESTEEM NEEDS

IN THE WORKPLACE:
Provide:
signs of accomplishments (ex. Job Titles, public
recognition, praise) extrinsic rewards
more challenging job assignments
more opportunities (to feel a sense of
accomplishments)

HEALTH PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

V. SELFACTUALIZATION NEEDS
involve realizing ones potential for continued
growth and individual development.

HEALTH PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

V. SELFACTUALIZATION NEEDS
The need:
to learn, create and understand or comprehend
for harmonious relationships
for beauty or aesthetics
to be self-fulfilled
for spiritual fulfilment

HEALTH PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

V. SELFACTUALIZATION NEEDS
IN THE WORKPLACE:
allow employees to participate in decision making
give opportunity to learn new things about their
work.

HEALTH PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

V. SELFACTUALIZATION NEEDS
A self-actualized person is basically a mentally
healthy person

HEALTH PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION

MASLOW suggests that the 5 need categories
constitute a hierarchy.
- lowerlevel needs beginning with physiological
needs has to be satisfied.
When these remained unsatisfied,
- individual is motivated to fulfill them.
When these needs are satisfied,
- they move up the hierarchy and become
sequentially concerned with each higher level in
turn.
The process continues until the self
actualization level is reached.

SELFACTUALIZATION
NEEDS

SELF-ESTEEM
NEEDS

LOVE & BELONGINGNESS

NEEDS

SAFETY & SECURITY NEEDS

PHYSIOLOGICAL NEEDS

MEASURING HEALTH OR HEALTH

STATUS INDICATOR
Definition of health is easy to state,
- not easy is trying to qualify the amount of health an
individual or population possesses
Most measures of health (because of this difficulty) are
expressed:
- using health statistics based on the traditional medical
model of describing ill health (injury, disease and health)
instead of well health.
The higher the presence of injury, disease and death
indicators, the lower the level of health;
- the lower the presence of injury, disease and death
indicators, the higher the level of health.

MEASURING HEALTH OR HEALTH

STATUS INDICATOR
WHY MEASURE HEALTH?
Reasons
1. To establish priorities

An important way of identifying needs

- The collection and evaluation of information
about the:
* health status and
* health problems of a community

MEASURING HEALTH OR HEALTH

STATUS INDICATOR
WHY MEASURE HEALTH?
Reasons
2. To assist planning

Health promoters need information

- to assist the planning and evaluation of health
promotion programs.

MEASURING HEALTH OR HEALTH

STATUS INDICATOR
WHY MEASURE HEALTH?
Reasons
3. To justify resources

Health promoters need information on the

health status of population
- to make a claim for resources for their
activities.

MEASURING HEALTH OR HEALTH

STATUS INDICATOR
WHY MEASURE HEALTH?
Reasons
4. To assist the development of the
profession

Measurements of health gain are important in a

community
- for proper funding, resources for benefit of the
health promoters.

MEASURING HEALTH OR HEALTH

STATUS INDICATOR
Measures of Health as an OBJECTIVE
attribute
There are a number of ways of measuring health
as an objective factor including:
health measures
health behavior indicators
environmental indicators
socioeconomic indicators

MEASURING HEALTH OR HEALTH

STATUS INDICATOR
Measures of Health as a SUBJECTIVE
attribute
measures of physical wellbeing (indicated by
physical function)
measures of psychological wellbeing
measures of social wellbeing
measures of quality of life