Huawei

Hardware Installation Of BTS

Course No.: QA-HI-008

Compiled by: Engineering Center Service Management
Dept.
Issue Date: 2004-11-15

Table of Contents
Huawei

Introduction to BTS312
Procedure to Install BTS312
Install BTS312 Cabinet
Install Antenna and Feeder System

Introduction to BTS312
Huawei

Most GSM base stations are BTS312 presently.

BTS30 is seldom used. The features of BTS312
are as follows:
Dimensions: 1880 mm 650 mm 500 mm (H
W D)
Weight (under full configuration of 12 TRXs): 330
kg
Power consumption (under full configuration of
12 TRXs): 2400 W
Normal working temperature: 1530 C
Normal working humidity: 40%60%
Transmitting frequency band (MHZ): BTS
935~960 M1805~1880 M
MS 890~815 M 1710~1785M
A BTS cabinet consists of four subracks: one
public resources subrack and three TRX
combiner and divider subracks from bottom up.
A single BTS cabinet can hold up to 12 TRXs.
Combined cabinets are used to achieve the
synchronous cells of more than 12 TRXs. Among
the combined cabinets, the cabinet that includes
the TMU acts as the basic cabinet and the others
as the extended ones. The extended cabinets
receive the time and maintenance signals
through cables from the basic cabinet.
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Introduction to BTS312
Huawei

3 Typical CDU-involved configurations Antenna

TTA (optional)

Duplexer

Combiner

1-to-4
divider

1-to-4
divider

Amplifier

Filter

Filter

Amplifier

6 or S6/6/6
P8
A sector uses a dual polarization sectorized
beam antenna (S6)
An omnidirectional cell uses two single
polarization omnidirectional antennas ( 6)

Duplexer

Combiner

1-to-4
divider

1-to-4
divider

Combiner

Combiner Combiner

PA
PA
PA
PA
PA
PA

The left figure

shows the major
parts of six TRXs
of a sector or an
omnidirectional
cell.
Only one SCU
and the
corresponding
TRXs and
connection
accessories need
be added to a
sector to expand
S4/4/4 to S6/6/6.

RF schematic diagram of BTS312

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Introduction to BTS312
Huawei

Mains
Generator

AC power
distribution
box

Alarm
collection
box

ACU

Rectifier
unit

BTS

Outdoor lightning
protection ground

Cabinet

Feeder
grounding clip

DCU

Feeder
window

DC power
distribution
cabinet/box

Battery

Antenna stand

BTS DDF
Cabling rack

Transmission equipment
(DDF, SDH, and microwave)

Overall system architecture of BTS312

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Introduction to BTS312
Huawei

Rack (indoor)
Protection
grounding bar

Building

Tower

Grounding bar

Ground loop
Outdoor
Ground loop DC working
of tower
grounding bar of building grounding bar

AC grounding bar

earthing of BTS312
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Procedure to Install BTS312

Huawei

1. Preparation before installation

1) Personnel preparation 2) Documentation preparation 3) Tools
2.
1)
3)
4)

Check room conditions

Building conditions 2) Environment conditions
Power supply conditions
Auxiliary equipment 5) Lightning protection and earthing

3. Engineering plan
1) Engineering interface 2) Engineering coordination and cooperation
3) Engineering schedule
4.
1)
3)
4)

Preparation after arrival at customer's location

Engineering coordination meeting 2) View equipment room
Unpack goods for inspection
Enter goods in equipment room 5) Start installation and commissioning

Procedure to Install BTS312

Huawei

1. Fix cabinet
1. Install antenna

2. Install board
3. Install CDU
4. Install cables in
cabinet

6. Install power
supply lightning
arrester
8. Install lightning
arrester

2. Install TTA
(optional)
3. Route feeder

5. Install power and

earthing cables

4. Prepare and route

outdoor jumper
5. Install lightning
protection earthing clip

7. Install trunk cables

on DDF

6. Attach label

9. Prepare and route

outdoor jumper

Hardware installation
check

Clean up engineering
documentation

Procedure to install BTS312

8

Install BTS312 Cabinet

Huawei

A BTS312 cabinet can be installed:

On an antistatic floor
On a cement ground
There are the following three possibilities of installing the cabinet on the
cement ground according to the uniform load of the ground and the
distance between the cabinet rear and the wall opposite.
To install the cabinet far from the wall. This is applicable when the rear of
the BTS312 cabinet is not less than 800 mm away from the wall opposite.
To install the cabinet near the wall. This is applicable when the rear of the
BTS312 cabinet is less that 800 mm away from the wall opposite.
To install the cabinet on a large base. This is applicable when the uniform
load of the ground is less than 4 kN/m2. The large base decreases the
pressure of the cabinet pushing on the ground.
The distance between the cabinet rear and the wall opposite cannot be less
than 100 mm in consideration of heat dissipation.
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Install BTS312 Cabinet Position

Cabinet and Mark Lines

Huawei

Inner wall or reference body

Cabinet door edge line

Expansion bolt M12

Learn the uniform load of the ground in the equipment room and the weight of the
cabinet and batteries (the weights of different types of batteries are different). Position
the cabinet according to the reference dimensions in the engineering design drawings.
Position several marking points using a tape measure. Mark two 370-mm-spaced lines
parallel to the reference using a fountain pen. Position the mounting holes of the first
cabinet on the two lines based on the design requirements. Mark the mounting holes of
the other cabinets with these holes as a reference.

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Install BTS312 Cabinet Install

Cabinet Near Wall

Huawei

Spring washer 12
Insulation
shell

M12 nut
Large plain
washer 12

Lower frame
Lower frame

Mounting direction
Insulation pad
Gasket

M12X 80 explosive expansion bolt

Upper frame

Apply a base suite to connect the cabinet with the ground when installing the cabinet near
the wall opposite to the cabinet rear. The suite consists of an upper frame and a lower
one. Fix the upper frame at the bottom of the cabinet. Fix the lower one on the cement
ground. Assemble the upper and lower frames to complete the installation.
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Install BTS312 Cabinet

Connect Combined Cabinets

Huawei

Connecting holes

Bolt M12X35
Spring washer 12

Large plain washer

Insulation shell

Shield cover and fastener of

side panel

Remove the shield cover and

fastener from the side panel
by which you want to combine
the cabinet with another
cabinet. Attach shield strip to
the outer surface around the
port.
Place all the combined
cabinets in position. Align
them closely. Connect them
by inserting fasteners through
the connecting holes (four) in
their side panels.

Upper frame
of base suite

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Huawei

Install BTS312 Cabinet Install

Cabinet Far from Wall
Apply a large base to decrease
the pressure of the cabinet
pushing on the ground when
installing the cabinet far from the
wall opposite to the cabinet rear.

Align the mounting holes of the large base with

the corresponding expansion bolts. Fix the
large base on the ground using nuts, spring
washers, and plain washers. Tighten the nuts
to 45Nm. Pay attention to the installation
direction of the cabinet. Be careful to mount
the insulation washers and insulation shells
when installing the cabinet. Fix the cabinet on
the large base using bolts and washers.
Tighten the bolts to 45Nm. Be sure to apply
large plain washers rather than common ones.

Extended base
Connecting section steel

Basic base

Extended base

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Huawei

Install BTS312 Cabinet Install

Cabinet on Antistatic Floor

Connecting holes for installing BTS312 cabinet

Upper support

Lower support

Mounting hole

Install BTS312 cabinet on antistatic floor

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Huawei

Install BTS312 Cabinet

Terminals on Cabinet Top

(1) Port for data bus (DCF1) (2) External alarm ports (EAC1, EAC2) (3) 120 E1 ports (TME1) (4)
Port for battery management signal cable (PWRC) (5) Clock ports (CKB1, CKB2) (6) Port for data
bus (DCF2) (7) 75 E1 port (TX, RX) (8) External synchronization clock port (SYNC) (9) Ports for
cascading CDUs of combined cabinets (CDU) (10) Port for earthing cable of combined cabinets
(SHELLGND) (11) Ports for external power cables(12) Feeder input port (ANT)

Terminals on top of BTS312 cabinet

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Install BTS312 Cabinet Install

Power Cable of Alarm Box

Huawei

Other

Water

2 5. 5
April

Door

Photoelectricity

Noise

Infrared

Fire

Smoke

Humidity

Temperature

7 5. 5 %

10 : 23

The alarm box power cable has white,

black and green cores.
(1) Connect the OT terminal of the white
core together with the blue -48V/+24V
power cable to one filter binding post.
(2) Connect the black core together with
the black -48V/+24V power cable to one
filter binding post.
(3) Connect the green core together with
the yellow PGND cable to the PGND
screw on the cabinet top.

Settings

Time setting

Lower
temperature
limit

Upper
temperature
limit

Lower humidity
limit

Upper humidity
limit

Danger
evacuation

Alarm
notification

Alarm
handling

Normal

Note: For an environment monitor unit of

220V AC power supply connect the
communication ground to the PGND
screw on the cabinet top. Connect the AC
power input cables still to the AC power
distribution box.

Panel of alarm box

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Huawei

Install BTS312 Cabinet Install

Lightning Arrester

Huawei has adopted a new method to install the DC power supply

lightning arrester and E1 lightning arrester of a BTS. Huawei
replaces the existing power input box cover with a new one. The
E1 and power supply lightning arresters are designed to be in the
new power input box cover (on the cabinet top).
1. Install power supply lightning arrester
Keep the -48V/+24V end of the power supply lightning arrester facing the
opening of the protective ring. Keep its end with the earth sign away from
the opening of the ring.
2. Install E1 lightning arrester
Keep the OUT/Equip end of all the E1 lightning arresters on the inner side
of the lightning protection box cover. Keep their IN/Line end on the outer
side of the box. The lightning arrester is useless when you install it in the
opposite direction.

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Huawei

Install BTS312 Cabinet Static

Electricity Protection
Connector of antistatic wrist strap

Be sure to wear an antistatic wrist strap before touching the equipment or holding a plug
board, circuit board or IC chip. Keep the other end of the antistatic wrist strap well
grounded. This is to prevent your static electricity from damaging the sensitive components.
The electrostatic discharge impairments can accumulate. The components are not disabled
when a slight impairment occurs. However, they will suddenly become disabled when
cumulative impairments are caused. The electrostatic discharge impairments are divided
into two kinds, dominant impairment and recessive impairment. You might not perceive a
recessive impairment immediately it occurs. However, the impaired component will become
more delicate and be in all likelihood damaged under over-voltage and high temperature
conditions.

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Huawei

Install BTS312 Cabinet

Install RF Cables
Huawei provides the RF cable suite according to the actual BTS
configuration. Each cable has a number at either end, indicating where
the end shall be connected (make sure that the terminal silkscreen on
the panel is proper).
1. Do not bend a cable sharply in a too small bending radius, risking
damage on the cable. The appropriate bending radius is greater than 3
cm. Screw a SMA load on an idle SMA port of a combiner/divider. Be
careful to connect the matched load to an output port of a divider to
avoid an open signal output circuit during the service. Check the cable
routing. Make sure that all RF connectors are installed. Prevent dummy
connection from affecting the system service.
2. Tighten an RF connector using a spanner by appropriate force. Do
not over-tighten or under-tighten it. Impart different torques to different
types of connectors.
The receiving cable from the divider output port of a CDU to the RX
input port of a TRX has a SMA connector at either end. The transmitting
cable from the power output port of a TRX to the TX1/TX2 port of a CDU
has an N connector at either end. The soft jumper from the antenna
receiving/transmitting port of a CDU to the top of the BTS312 cabinet
has a 7/16DIN connector (to the cabinet top) and a N connector (to the
CDU).
Recommended torques for the various types of connectors are as
follows:
SMA: 0.6~1.8 N?m Recommended tool and manufacturer: 74Z-0-0-21
(Huber-Suhner)
N: 0.7~1.1 N?m Recommended tool and manufacturer: 74Z-0-0-193
(Huber-Suhner)
7/16DIN: 25~30 N?m

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Huawei

Install BTS312 Cabinet Install RF

Cables
* Grounded at a point within 1 m outside the feeder window entry
* Keep the feeder earthing clips at an angle of less than 15 from
the feeder. Lay them from the top down.
! The feeder connectors are standard

and secure.

Outdoor earthing bar

* Keep the feeder window
well sealed.

! The bending radius of the feeder/jumper is not

less than 20 times the diameter of the
feeder/jumper.

! Connect the feeder properly to the

proper sector. Attach a proper label
properly to either end of it.

! Install antenna and ! Do cross the feeders/jumpers with each other.

feeder lightning arrester Arrange them in neat rows and columns. Bend
them, where required, in consistent bending
radius.

Power supply lightning arrester

Install the power supply lightning arrester on
the cabinet top.

Indoor

Indoor earthing bar

! Distinguish the power and earthing cables by their colors and

install them properly.
! The size of all the power and earthing cables are satisfactory.
! Cut the excess power and earthing cables. Do not coil them.
!! Do not apply a connector in the middle of one power or
earthing cable.
! Install the cable connectors securely.

Feeder
Indoor cabling rack

* Make a water curve for

the feeder outside the
feeder window entry.

Outdoor

! Cable size 95 mm2

* Route the
various signal
cables separately
from the power
and earthing
cables.

Transmission

-48V

GND

PGND

BTS
! Be careful to mount the insulation
washers during the installation to
insulate the cabinet from the ground
and walls.

-48V
Primary power supply or
DC power distribution
cabinet

! Ground the GND of the

primary power supply.
! The power supply safety is
satisfactory.
Note: Ground the indoor and outdoor earthing bars respectively to the ground
grid. The earthing resistance shall be not greater than 5 .
It is acceptable when the earthing resistance is under 10 in the region where
the average number of thunderstorm days per year is less than 20.

* Ground the
indoor cabling rack
to the indoor
earthing bar.
* Separate the
indoor cabling rack
from the outdoor
cabling rack.

! Cable size
95 mm2

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Install Antenna and Feeder System

Huawei

The antenna and feeder system plays an important role in providing air
interface for the GSM BTS. Its engineering design and construction quality are
directly related to the system performance of the entire BTS. Its installation is
the major part of the BTS system installation. The antenna and feeder system
installation normally consumes 70% of the entire engineering time. The
installation methods and procedures of different types of antennas in different
installation environments are different. The installation supervisor shall
determine the installation method and procedure rationally and flexibly
according to the engineering design documentation, the number of installation
engineers, installation environment and antenna type. Your safety during the
installation is also worth your much attention
The antenna and feeder system consists of the antenna, primary feeder,
jumper, lightning arrester, tower top amplifier (TTA), and combiner and divider
module.

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Huawei

Install Antenna and Feeder System Procedure

to Install Antenna and Feeder System

Perform the following procedure to install the

antenna and feeder system:
Check the installation site
Get acquainted with the engineering design documentation
Determine the installation method
Install the sealing window
Lift the antenna
Install the TTA
Cut feeders and attach temporary labels
Prepare feeder connectors and attach labels to the outdoor
part of the feeders
Connect feeders with lightning arrester
Install indoor jumpers
Prepare and attach labels

22

Install Antenna and Feeder System

Determine Installation Method

Huawei

Omnidirectional
antenna

Directional
antenna

TTA appearance

Apply different methods to install different types of antennas.

(1) Install a rod omnidirectional antenna on a mast at a side of the tower, on a stand at
a side of the tower, at the center of the top of the tower, or on a mast on the top of the
building.
(2) Install a panel directional antenna on a mast at a side of the tower, on a stand at a
side of the tower, or on a master on the top of the building.
A TTA has two 7/16DIN (female) RF ports. One is connected with the receiving antenna
(marked with ANT). The other is connected with the BTS (marked with BTS). It is
connected with the 7/16DIN receiving RF port on the top cover plate of the cabinet
through a jumper and feeder.

23

Install Antenna and Feeder System

Lift Antenna

Huawei
Pulley

Windlass
Pulley
Object to the
tower

Lift antenna and feeder

Note: Take certain measures to protect the installation engineers and the antenna during the lifting.
Wrap the antenna and feeder port to protect the port against paint peel-off and subsequent damage.
Only an engineer that is in good conditions and does not catch acrophobia can get on the tower. The
engineer cannot drink before getting on the tower. The engineer shall use safety measures and get
personal accident insurance.
At least five engineers are required to lift the antenna and feeder on a tower. At least three engineers
are required to route the feeder at the top of the building.
Install the antenna and feeder system in a fine day without strong winds if possible.
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Huawei

Install Antenna and Feeder System

Antenna at Building Top

Note:
The area that extends
downward at a 45 angle all
around the peak of the
lightning rod is the protected
area of the lightning rod.

Antenna at building top

The horizontal distance between an omnidirectional antenna and the
lightning rod of the antenna shall be not less than 2.5 m at the top of the
building.
For a directional antenna the azimuth error shall be within 5 and the
inclination error within 0.5.
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Huawei

Install Antenna and Feeder System

Antenna at Tower Top
An omnidirectional antenna shall be not less
than 1.5 m away from the tower. A directional
antenna shall be not less than 1 m away from
the tower.
The horizontal distance between the receiving
and transmitting ends of an omnidirectional
antenna shall be not less than 3.5 m. The
distance between the diversity receiving ends
of a directional antenna shall be not less than
4 m.
The vertical distance between the receiving
and transmitting ends of a directional antenna
shall be not less than 2.5 m. The vertical
distance between the directional antennas on
one stand shall be not less than 0.5 m.
The top of an omnidirectional antenna shall be
on the same level as or slightly higher than the
top of the antenna stand.
An omnidirectional antenna shall stand
upright. Its vertical deviation shall be within
2.

Antenna at tower top

26

Install Antenna and Feeder System

Adjust Angles of Antenna

Huawei

Install
directional
antenna
Find mounting hole by
mounting hole number

Find mounting hole by

pitch angle of antenna

The error of antenna

azimuth measurement
of shall be within 0.50.

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Huawei

Install Antenna and Feeder System Install

Feeder Lightning Arrester on Cabling Rack
Suspend

a lightning arrester between the horizontal

crosspieces of the cabling rack. Cut the feeder a proper length
apart according to the requirements for lightning arrest
position in the engineering design drawings.
The lightning frame is the discharge ground of a feeder
lightning arrester. It is located physically indoors. It is actually a
part of the earthing system of the antenna and feeder system.
The lightning arrester is on the lightning frame and in
continuity with the frame. Insulate the lightning frame from the
cabling rack at a point about 1 m inside the feeder window
entry. Lengthen the distance if it is difficult to achieve that.
However, the point shall be as near as possible to the feeder
window. Connect the earthing cable of the lightning frame
straight through the feeder window to the outdoor copper
earthing bar.
Lay the feeders of one sector in one row and arrange all the
rows in consistent sequence when the feeders enter the room
in the direction parallel to the cabinet or opposite to the cabinet
rear. Lay the feeders of one section in one column and arrange
all the columns in consistent sequence when the feeders enter
the room in the direction opposite to the cabinet front.
Feeder lightning arrester
Attach the antenna and feeder label at a point 5 cm
from one end of the corresponding jumper. One label
is enough on each jumper because the jumper is
short.

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Huawei

Install Antenna and Feeder System

Install Lightning earthing Clip

Lead the earthing cable of a lightning earthing clip from the top down. The appropriate angle formed

by the clip and the feeder is not greater than 15. Wind three layers of waterproof and insulation
tape around the clip. Wind the first layer from the bottom up, the second from the top down, and
the third from the bottom up.
Connect the earthing cables of the lightning earthing clips outside to the outdoor earthing bar
or well-grounded outdoor cabling rack.
Peel the antirust paint off the grounded point of the cabling rack. Recoat the point with antirust
paint after installing the earthing cable. Coat all the exposed connectors that are difficult to be
wrapped in insulation tape with antirust paint to guarantee good contact.
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Huawei

Install Antenna and Feeder System

Prepare Antenna and Feeder Connector

30

Install Antenna and Feeder System

Route Antenna and Feeder Outdoors

Huawei

Add a grounding clip to a feeder that

runs over 20 m at the building top
Primary feeder

Building top

Apply a 7/8" feeder if the feeder need

run less than 70 m and a 5/4" feeder if
the feeder need run over 70 m

Feeder clip

Ground the outdoor cabling rack

There are two types of feeder

fixing clip: 7/8" and 5/4". Each
type can be further divided in two:
1-in-1 and 3-in-1. Mount a fixing
clip every two m of the feeder.

Feeder
window

Outdoor grounding cable

Outdoor grounding bar
Make a water curve for the feeder
outside the feeder window entry

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Huawei

Install Antenna and Feeder System

Route Antenna and Feeder

Installed antenna and feeder

nameplates

Make a water curve for the antenna and

feeder outside the feeder window entry.
Installed 3-in-1 feeder clip

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Huawei

Install Antenna and Feeder System

Feeder Nameplate

(1) The letters on the feeder nameplates are described as follows:

TX: transmitting
RX: receiving
RXD: receiving diversity
TRX: transmitting and receiving
(2) The digits following the letters are described as follows:
For an omnidirectional cell only one digit follows the letters. It indicates the
tributary number.
For a directional cell two digits follow the letters. The former and latter digits
respectively indicate the cell number and tributary number.

33

Install Antenna and Feeder System

Outline of Antenna and Feeder System

Huawei

* Install an antenna on a position

according to the design requirements
* Install the antenna in the protected area of
the lightning rod (downward at a 45 angle all
around the peak of the lightning rod)
* Connect the antenna stand
and the tower securely
Grounded at the point within 1 m
outside the platform

Do not bend or kink a feeder and jumper

No copper sheet is exposed
20 times of the minimum bending
of feeder pipes and jumpers

Fix a feeder grounding clip well to the nearby part of the tower
Lead the grounding cable of a feeder grounding clip from the
top down. The appropriate angle formed by the clip and the
feeder is not greater than 15
Add a grounding clip to the middle of the
tower that is over 60 m high

Install the primary feeder and jumper

properly
The feeder connectors are standard,
secure and waterproof
Arranges the feeders and jumpers neatly.
Do not cross them.

Grounded at the point within 1 m inside the

Add a grounding clip to the middle of the
cabling rack that is over 1 m long
Grounded at the point within 1 m
outside the feeder window
Tower
ground

*Nameplate of outdoor feeder

Outdoor grounding bar

Feeder window

Keep the feeder window well sealed

Outdoor lightning protection ground

Outdoor grounding cable

1. Mount the feeder earthing clips at the following points:

1) Within 1 m of the primary feeder after the feeder leaves the tower platform
2) Within 1 m of the primary feeder before the feeder leaves the cabling rack
3) Outside the feeder window entry
4) Every 25~35 m when the tower is over 60 m high
5) Every 30 m of the feeder at the building top
Outdoor earthing cable

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Huawei

Thanks

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