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Gas pore
Cluster porosity
3.6
Causes:
Loss of gas shield
Damp electrodes
Contamination
Blow hole
Herringbone porosity
Root piping
4/23/2007
1 of 691
Gas Cavities
3.7
Porosity
Root piping
4/23/2007
2 of 691
Crater Pipe
3.9
Weld crater
Crater pipe
4/23/2007
3 of 691
Crater Pipe
3.9
Crater cracks
(Star cracks)
Causes:
Deoxidization
reactions and
liquid to solid
volume change
Contamination
Crater pipe
4/23/2007
4 of 691
Solid Inclusions
3.10
Lack of sidewall
fusion with
associated slag
4/23/2007
Lack of interun
fusion + slag
Welding Imperfections
3.13
6 of 691
Lack of Fusion
3.13
Causes:
Poor welder skill
Incomplete filled groove +
Lack of sidewall fusion
Incorrect electrode
manipulation
Arc blow
1
2
1. Lack of sidewall fusion
2. Lack of inter-run fusion
4/23/2007
Incorrect welding
current/voltage
Incorrect travel speed
Incorrect inter-run cleaning
7 of 691
Lack of Fusion
3.13
8 of 691
4/23/2007
3.15
4/23/2007
3.19
Incomplete Groove
3.23
11 of 691
3.24
Causes:
Excessive back purge
Concave Root
4/23/2007
12 of 691
Miscellaneous Imperfections
3.26
Causes:
Accidental striking of the
arc onto the parent
material
Faulty electrode holder
Poor cable insulation
Poor return lead
clamping
Arc strike
4/23/2007
13 of 691
Miscellaneous Imperfections
3.27
Causes:
Spatter
4/23/2007
Excessive current
Damp electrodes
Contamination
Arc blow
14 of 691
Travel
speed
Too high
lack of root fusion
incomplete root
penetration
undercut
poor bead profile,
difficult slag removal
4/23/2007
15 of 691
4/23/2007
16 of 691
position
Too low
poor starting
slag inclusions
weld bead contour too
high
lack of
fusion/penetration
4/23/2007
Welding
current
Too high
spatter
excess
penetration
undercut
burn-through
17 of 691
Arc
voltage
Too high
spatter
porosity
excess
penetration
undercut
burn-through
18 of 691
MMA - Troubleshooting
4/23/2007
19 of 691