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Abrasive Wheel Training

Cormack Associates Ltd

Cormack Associates Ltd

Aims
To train people in the skills and knowledge
required to enable candidates to select and
mount abrasive wheels safely in accordance
with the regulations.
It is not a course on how to use the power
tools.

Cormack Associates Ltd

Provision and Use of Work


Equipment Regulations 1998
Regulation 9 of PUWER
Every employer shall ensure that all persons who use
work equipment have received adequate training for
purpose of Health & Safety.

Cormack Associates Ltd

The Nine Key Points


1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Advisory Literature
Hazards Arising from use
The Requirements of the Regulations
Methods of Marking as to Type and Speed
Methods of storage, handling and Transporting
Wheels
Methods of Testing and Inspection for Damage
Function of all components and the correct Method
of Mounting and Balancing
Methods of Dressing an Abrasive wheel
The Adjustment of the Rest
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Exercise
Identify the hazards and list the type a
of accidents associated with the use
and incorrect mounting of Abrasive
Wheels.

Cormack Associates Ltd

Cormack Associates Ltd

Cormack Associates Ltd

Accidents
Contact Injuries 60%
Eye Injuries
30%
Burst Wheels
10%

67% of all accidents are due to fitting


the wrong type of abrasive wheel
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PPE Requirements

Goggles or face shield (grade B min)


Fire retardant overalls- if possible
Gloves
Toe protection
Ear defenders for noise
Dust mask

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Requirements of the
Regulations
Have a Certificate of Training
Be Deemed Competent by your
Employer (manager or supervisor)
Have your name entered into the F2346
register

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Types of Wheels
Type 1 Straight sided vitrified wheels

not exceeding 250mm (Bench grinders)


Type 27 Depressed centre reinforced
resinoid grinding wheels (Angle grinders)
Type 41 - Straight sided reinforced resinoid cut-off
wheels (Petrol cut-off saws, chop saws)
Type 42 - Depressed centre reinforced
resinoid cut-off wheels (Angle grinders)

Metal cutting blades are not abrasive wheels


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Definition
An abrasive wheel is generally defined
as a wheel, cylinder, disc or point having
abrasive particles and intended to be
power driven.

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Types of wheel
Vitrified
Resinoid
Made of clay
Phenolic resin bakelite
bond
Means glasslike
May have reinforcement
Very brittle
Only on fixed machines Portable machines

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Grades of wheel
Soft grade wheels are most suitable for use on hard
material
Hard grade most suitable on soft material
Course grain for rapid removal of material
Fine grain for polishing
Using unsuitable wheels may result in the wheel face becoming
clogged up, or the wheel becomes glazed or polished. You may
then try and press harder to get the job done
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Exercise
What information would you expect to
see marked on a wheel ?

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Wheel Markings
Wheels must have the speed markings
clearly marked in RPM
Other information should include:

Sizes - Diameter Bore and Thickness


Suppliers Name - Accountability
Usage - Stone or Metal (Steel)
British Standard Markings
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Rev Per Minutes


It is very important that the RPM of
the machine does not exceed the RPM
of the disk
Over speeding may result in wheel burst

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Common Markings
A.30.R.BF suitable for general use
on ferrous metals
C.24.R.BF suitable for general use
on stone, brickwork, concrete,
plastic, and non-ferrous metals

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British Standard Marking System

A36 P BF
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British Standard Marking System

A36 P BF

Type of Grit

A = Aluminium Oxide
High Tensile Materials
C = Silicone Carbide
Non-High Tensile
Materials
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British Standard Marking System

A36 P BF

Type of Grit

Grit Size
High No
Fine Grit
Low No
Course Grit

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British Standard Marking System

A36 P BF

Type of Grit

Grit Size

Hardness

The higher the


Letter the Harder
the Wheel

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British Standard Marking System

A36 P BF

Type of Grit

Grit Size

Hardness

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Bond Type
Bakelite Bond
(Resin Bond)

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British Standard Marking System

A36 P BF

Type of Grit

Grit Size

Hardness Bakelite Bond Fibre


Reinforced

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British Standard Marking System

A36 P BF

Type of Grit

Grit Size

Hardness Bakelite Bond Fibre


Reinforced

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British Standard Marking System

C48 S BF

Type of Grit

C = Silicone Carbide
Non-High Tensile
Materials

Grit Size

Hardness Bakelite Bond Fibre


Reinforced

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British Standard Marking System

A60 M V

Type of Grit

Grit Size

Hardness

Bond Type
Vitrified

A = Aluminium Oxide
High Tensile Materials

Means to
Make Glass
like

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Inspection of wheels
Check for Damage
warping
contamination
Prior use

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Inspection of the Machine


Is the equipment correct for the task
Has the equipment been maintained and
inspected prior to use
Are all guards in place

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the ring test


Hold wheel using dowel (non metallic)
Tap at 4 equal points around
the wheel using dowel
Listen for crystal like
tone

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Storage
Wheels must be stored in
Dry Conditions
Preferably in the Manufacturers
Packaging
No Extremes of
Temperatures
On Designated Shelving
3 Year shelf life
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Handling and Transportation


Wheels should be handled with care
Not Transported on the Machine
Great Care is needed with
Vitrified Wheels
Always Inspect a Wheel Before Fitting
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Petrol fuel precautions


No smoking
Avoid skin contact and inhalation
of fumes
Stop machine and allow to cool
before filling
Only fill in well ventilated areas
Wipe any spilt fuel off the
machine
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Blotters, Flanges, Bushes &


Lock Nuts
Blotters - Spread the Clamping Pressure
Evenly
Required on all Vitrified Wheels and Cut-Off
Wheels above 400mm

Flanges - Fix the Wheel to the Machine and


Provide Rotation
They must be:
Equal in Size
Undamaged
Correct for the Machine

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Blotters, Flanges, Bushes & Lock Nuts


Bushes Correct for machine
Lock Nuts - Correct for machine and hand
tight using correct tool

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Wheel Balancing
Necessary if balance weights
are fitted
Unbalanced wheels cause:
Vibration
Chatter Marks on the Material
Possible Wheel Burst
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Wheel Dressing

Uncovers Fresh Grit


Squares the Face
Removes Foreign Matter
Requires Full PPE

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Wheel Dressing

The tool rest MUST be fitted


Adjusted to no more than 3mm gap from
the wheel
3mm Max
Tool Rest
Centre Line

Must be on or above
the centre line of the wheel
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Health Effects
Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome
(HAVS)
A range of permanent injuries to the
hands & arms

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HAVS
Regular exposure to vibration can cause permanent
damage to the circulation, nerves, joints & muscles
in the hands, wrists and arms, leading to symptoms
including:

Pain
Numbness & tingling sensations
Cold hands
Loss of manual dexterity
Loss of grip strength
Wrist pain (carpal tunnel syndrome)
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Vibration White Finger

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HAVS
Vibration White Finger
This is the most common form of HAVS & is a frequent
subject of claims against employers for damage to health
The following symptoms may occur

Fingers go white after exposure to cold & are extremely painful


Fingers may go purple & blue and red, indicating a circulatory
deficiency
Numbness & tingling in the hands & arms after exposure to
vibration
Loss of feeling to touch & temperature
Reduced manual dexterity
Permanent damage

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What Can Employees Do?


Report any symptoms e.g. tingling in the fingers, as
soon as they occur
Choose the right tools for the job
Avoid prolonged use of vibrating tools
Ensure tools are well maintained
Wear warm clothing, especially gloves to protect from
cold & wet
Take regular short breaks
Keep active to aid circulation
Reduce or stop smoking
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Summary
Always work safely, if this is not
possible:

STOP
and consult your supervisor or a
competent person.

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