PRESETATION ON

ALL INDIA
RADIO

Presented
to
Er.parul

Prepared By:
RANA RAJ
YADAV

ANTENNA

FUNDAMENTA
LS

History

The first license granted for transmitting a broadcast was

given on February 23, 1922. The Radio Club of Calcutta
was the first radio club to start functioning in Nov-1924
The Government run broadcasting set up was called the
India State Broadcasting Service (ISBS) which is then
turned into AIR (All India Radio) in June 1936.
The introduction of the commercial channel Vividh Bharti
in October 1957 increased the interest and popularity of
radio.
AIR today has a network of 277 broadcasting centres with
149 medium frequency(MW), 54 high frequency (SW) and
171 FM transmitters.

Introduction
WHAT IS AN ANTENNA?

Characteristics

Input Impedance

Radiation Efficiency

Different Field Regions

Power Gain

Polarization

Antenna Radiation Resistance

The input impedance Zin of an antenna is

the ratio of voltage to current at its input
terminals, where the power is fed to the
antenna.
Zin = Ra + jXa, where
Ra = Resistive part of impedance
Xa = Reactive part of impedance
Ra = Rr+Ri

Radiation Efficiency
The radiation efficiency determines
the effective transfer of power from
the input to free space, and is given
by
Rr
Radiation Efficiency = ------------Ri + Rr

Field Regions
The field regions are divide in three
types

Reactive near-field

Radiating near-field

Far-field

Half Power (3 dB) Beam Width &

Directivity
The angle between the two directions in
which the radiation intensity is one half (3
dB below) of the maximum value is called
half power beam width.

The direction of max. Radiation intensity is

called the directivity of antenna

Power Gain of Antenna

Unlike the isotropic antenna, any practical
antenna has physical dimension.
Extending this principle, very large power
gain can be achieved in any plane by
stacking a number of antenna elements in
the perpendicular plane, in a particular
way.

Polarisation
The plane containing the electric
vector in the electromagnetic wave
describes the polarisation of the
radiated
There arewave.
a number of well defined
polarisation
Horizontal polarisation
Vertical polarisation
Circular polarisation
Dual polarisation
Elliptical polarisation

Aperture of an Antenna
Aperture of a receiving antenna is the
ratio of power delivered to the load to
the incident power density.
G
A= ------4
where G is the gain with respect to
the isotropic
anteena

Medium Wave Antenna

Self Radiating MW Mast Antennas
Top Loaded Antenna
'T' and 'L' Antenna

Short Wave Antenna

The short waves (3 to 30 MHz) get
attenuated
very rapidly with
distance if they travel close to the
earth. with centre fed arrangement is
Dipole
used.
The impedance of single dipole is about
73 ohms.

F M Antenna
FM Antenna are two type
Pole type
Panel type

Conclusion
Now a days we use FM Antenna over
AM Antenna
At same FM tower we can use FM
and TV broadcasting
FM broadcasting in Omni directional
FM tower height we approx 100mt
but AM tower is up to 100 to 150mt

Any Query ??

Thank You