TURBINE

&
COOLING SYSTEM
.

Presented By AVIJEET PRATAP

07ME12
IET AGRA

DEFINITION
A Turbine is a Form of Engine Requires a suitable
working fluid in order to function- a source of High
Grade Energy and a Sink for Low Grade energy. When
a Fluid Flows through the Turbine ,Part of Energy
Content is Continuously Extracted and Converted in to
Useful mechanical Work.

PRICIPLE OF STEAM TURBINE

Steam turbine depends completely upon the dynamic
action of the steam. According to Newtons second law of motion, the FORCE is
proportional to the rate of change of MOMENTUM (mass x velocity). If the rate of
change of momentum is caused in the steam by allowing a high velocity jet of steam
to pass over curved blade, the steam will impart a force to the blade. If the blade is
free, it will free off (rotate) in the direction of force.

mc1

Moving Blade
Force = mc1 - mc2

mc2
The steam from the boiler is expanded in a passage or nozzle , where due
to fall in pressure of steam is converted into Kinetic energy of steam & this KE of
steam is converted into work moving blade

TYPES OF TURBINE

On the basis of principle of operation

Impulse turbine
Reaction turbine
Impulse- Reaction turbine

Impulse Turbine .. In impulse the drop in pressure of steam takes

place only in nozzle & not in moving blades. This is obtained by making
the blade passage of constant cross section area it may be noted that
energy transformation takes place only in nozzles. Moving blades only
cause energy transfer.

X
X

Reaction turbine:Pressure drop take place in rotor (M.B.). Energy

transformation takes place in rotor. Energy transfer only in
rotor.

Impulse- Reaction turbine:In this turbine drop in pressure of steam takes

place in fixed blade as well as moving blade. It may be
noted that energy transformation occur in both fixed blade
& moving blade. The rotor blade cause energy transfer &
energy transformation.

COMPOUNDING
Compounding of Impulse turbine :One row of nozzles followed by one row of blades
is called a stage of turbines. Compounding is a
method for reducing the rotational speed of the
impulse turbine to practical limit. Boiler pressure
down to condenser pressure in a single stages so
high RPM & large diameter of turbine.
Three type of compounding
Pressure compounding
Velocity compounding
Pr & velocity compounding

STEAM SUPPLY

HP

IP

CRH

HRH

LP-A

CONDENSER

BOILER

LP-B

CONDENSER

CROSS SECTIONAL VIEW OF TURBINE

COOLING
SYSTEM
.

CIRCULATING WATER SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION
. Circulating Water system supplies cooling water to the
turbine condenser. .

It is used to maintain the vacuum in the condenser.

Types of Circulating water system

1. Open or Once Through

It is used when there is a large source of water

available.
e.g.- river , ocean.
2. Closed Cooling system

In this system, warm water from condenser is

passed through a cooling device, like cooling tower.

Exhaust Stem from Turbine

Condenser

Filter

Condensate
Condensate
Pump

CW
Pump

Hot water

River

Open or Once Through

Exhaust Stem from Turbine

Condenser

Condensate
to boiler

Condensate
Pump

Cooling water

Hot air
Hot water

Cooling Tower

CW
Pump

Closed Cooling system

Make up water
from river

Cooling tower
It cools the warm water discharged from the
condenser & feed the cool water back to the
condenser.

It reduces the cooling water demand in the power

plant.

Types of cooling tower

1. Natural Draught Cooling Tower

2. Mechanical Draught Cooling Tower

A. Forced Draught Cooling Tower
B. Induced Draught Cooling Tower

Losses in cooling tower

1. Evaporation Losses
2. Drift Losses
3. Blowdown Losses

LUBE OIL SYSTEM

January 6, 2016

TURBINE LUBE OIL SYSTEM

1.FLOW DIAGRAM OF LUBE OIL SYSTEM
2.NECESSITY OF LUBE OIL SYSTEM
3.COMPONENTS OF LUBE OIL SYSTEM
4.FUNCTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL
COMPONENTS OIL
5.FLOW TO DIFFERENT BRANCHES
6.FIRE PROTECTIONS

 Lubrication : To supplies oil to the bearing to form a film

of oil as the shaft rotates.
Temperature control :

To maintain temperature of the

bearing.
Sealing medium : To the prevent H2 leak out along the
Generator shaft.
Jacking of shaft : Supply to jacking device.

January 6, 2016

COMPONENTS OF LUBE OIL SYSTEM

The system mainly consists of Main oil pump, BOP,
main oil tank, AC lubricant pump, DC emergency oil
pump,MSP, spill valve, oil cooler, Transfer valve, oil
smoke separator, shaft jacking up device, oil hydrogen
separator, oil level indicator as well as connecting lines,
monitoring instruments, etc.

The oil tank adopts a combination mode as various

devices allocated on the tank as
AC lube oil pump,
DC emergency oil pump,
Oil smoke separator,
Oil level indicator,
Electric heater,
Spill valve,
BOP
MSP
January 6, 2016

SEAL OIL SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION
Hydrogen is used for the cooling of generator rotor. Hydrogen
is so much explosive when it come into contact with air . To
save this hydrogen from explosion we need sealing of this
hydrogen. For this purpose we generally use oil. This sealing
is very much similar to sealing of the pump on its gland.

The functions of the seal oil

control system
Providing seal oil to a sealing continuously

Prevent the escape of hydrogen gas from the generator

at the point of rotor exit . A continuous film between the
rotor collar and seal liner is maintaining by means of oil at
a pressure which is slightly above then hydrogen pressure.

STATOR WATER COOLING

SYSTEM
The
Stator Coil Cooling Water System main function
FUNCTION
is to guarantee cooling water uninterrupted flow
into stator coil. At the same time, the system
also must control enter the stator coil water
pressure , flow, temperature, conductivity

System consists of
2 Motor driven pumps,
2 Coolers,
2 Filters and
1 mixed Bed type Ion Exchanger.

EE OF Gen.

Teflon tubes

Winding

TE of Gen

Expansion
tank

Hot water output to

Expansion tank

Cold water enter

Generator
Turbine end

Excitation End