LASER LIGHT &

OPTIC FIBER
BY :
SHELA FERENIKA
TIARA MAHENDRA KURNIAWATI
TRI AYU PUTERIYANA
WAHYU ENDRANAKA
XI-8

PART 1 :

LASER LIGHT

LASER LIGHT
LASER Light Amplification by
Stimulated Emission of Radiation
A laser is a device that generates light by a process
called STIMULATED EMISSION.

HISTORY
The theoretical background of
laser action as the basis for an
optical amplifier was made
possible by Albert Einstein, as
early as 1917, when he first
predicted the existence of a new
irradiative process called
stimulated emission.
1954, C.H. Townes and Co-workers
developed a microwave amplifier
based on stimulated emission
radiation. It was called a maser.
In 1960, T.H.Maiman built the first
laser device (ruby laser).

LASER LIGHT
Generally, the laser operates in the visible spectrum at a
frequency about 300 GHz - 1014 GHz or thousands times the
frequency of the microwaves
Laser light is a coherent waves that have a certain phase
difference that doesnt change with time.

SPECTRUM FREQUENCY

SPECTRUM
FREQUENCY

PROPERTIES OF A LASER

1.The monochromatic property of laser

light means it is all one wavelength.
2. The directional property of laser light
means that the beam spreads very
slowly.
3. The coherent property of laser light
means that all the light waves are in
phase.

TYPES OF LASERS

Gaseous laser
Solid laser
Laser Excimer
Dye laser
Semiconductor laser

THE USE OF LASERS

Science precise measurements, spectroscopy
Medicine laser scalpel, eye surgery
Industry cutting and welding, guidance systems
Arts etching
Telecommunications (fiber optics)
Radars
Precise measurement of long distances (e.g. Moon)
Consumer CDs, DVDs, laser lights

The continuous or average power required for some uses:

Power

Use

15 mW Laser pointers
5 mW CD-ROM drive
510 mW DVD player or DVD-ROM drive
100 mW High-speed CD-RW burner
250 mW Consumer 16 DVD-R burner
Burning through a jewel case including disc within 4 seconds
400 mW

[40]

DVD 24 dual-layer recording.[41]

1W

Green laser in current Holographic Versatile Disc prototype

development

120 W

Output of the majority of commercially available solid-state

lasers used for micro machining

30100 W Typical sealed CO2 surgical lasers[42]

1003000 W Typical sealed CO2 lasers used in industrial laser cutting

CONCLUSION

A laser is a device that generates light by a process called

STIMULATED EMISSION.
laser operates in the visible spectrum at a frequency
about 1014 Hertz - 300 Hertz

PART 2 :

OPTIC FIBER

DEFINITION OF FIBER
OPTIC
An optical fiber is essentially a fiber for
light transmission.
A light-emitting diode (LED) or laser
diode (LD) can be used for the source
Light that is in the fiber optics not get
out of the refractive index of glass
greater than the refractive index of air ,
because the spectrum of laser have a
very narrow.

FREQUENCY AREA OF
FIBER OPTIC
Technology development fiber optics at this
point has been able to produce attenuating
(attenuation) less than 20 decibels (dB)/km.
In principle a fiber optic reflect and refract
light inside the fiber.
The system of fiber optic operating in the
area of up to 100,000 until 1,000,000 GHz.

HISTORY OF OPTICAL
FIBER
1961 : Elias Snitzer and Will Hicks demonstrated that the
laser beam is directed through a thin glass fiber (fiber optic).
The glass fiber core is quite small which makes the light can
only pass one section only.

PARTS OF OPTICAL
FIBER
Optical fiber is made from thin strands
of either glass or plastic.
It consists of a core and cladding that
surrounds the core.
Cladding material surrounding the
core is the function reflects the light
back

OPTICAL FIBER TYPES

1.

Multi Mode

Having the diameter of its core of (50-400

um) compared with a diameter of cladding
(125-500 um) that makes a laser at it would
be bounced in the wall cladding that can
cause reduced bandwith of optical fibers
this type of.

2. Single mode

Optical fibers with a nucleus

(cores) very small usually
around 8.3 micron, the diameter
of the point very narrow
approach wavelengths that light
that went into it not bounced
shells to the wall (cladding).
A cord to this type of most
costly, but having attenuating
(less than 0.35db/kilometer).

3. Special-purpose fiber
Some special-purpose optical fiber is constructed with a non-cylindrical
core and/or cladding layer

PRINCIPAL WORK OF
OPTICAL FIBER
An optical fiber is a cylindrical dielectric
waveguide (non-conducting waveguide)
that transmits light along its axis, by the
process of total internal reflection.
The fiber consists of a core surrounded
by a cladding layer, both of which are
made of dielectric materials. To confine
the optical signal in the core, the
refractive index of the core must be
greater than that of the cladding.
The boundary between the core and
cladding may either be abrupt, in stepindex fiber, or gradual, in graded-index
fiber.

MECHANISM OF OPTICAL FIBER

Optical fiber lamps are used for

illumination
in
decorative
applications, including signs, art,
toys and artificial trees.
They are used as light guides in
medical.
In some buildings, optical fibers
route sunlight from the roof to
other parts of the building.
Many microscopes use fiberoptic light sources to provide
intense illumination of samples
being studied.

ENDOSCOPY
Endoscope
endoscopy.

is

device

used

in

The tool is shaped small pipe length can

be inserted into the body, for example to
the stomach, into the joint, or other
body cavity.
Inside the pipe there are two optical
fibers. One to produce light that part of
the body at the front end of the
endoscope is obvious, while other fibers
serves as a conductor of the image
captured by the camera.

HOW TO WORK
ENDOSCOPY:

CONCLUSION

An optical fiber is essentially a fiber for light transmission.

A light-emitting diode (LED) or laser diode (LD) can be
used for the source

It consists of a core and cladding that surrounds the core.

The system of fiber optic operating in the area of up to
100,000 until 1,000,000 GHz.

FINISH

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