EMBEDDED

SYSTEM

TRAINING PROJECT
BY,
ISHMEET AND HARKIRAT

Embedded systems
Embedded system is a computer system with
dedicated function
Microcontroller is a computer on a chip
Deals with a specific task
Different sizes like 8bit,16bit,32bit MCUs are available
Peripherals like timers ,interrupts are also available
Used in consumer electronics, phones, peripherals,
automobiles etc.
Most MCU has RISC architecture

MICROCONTROLLER vs.
MICRO PROCESOR
Processor consist only CPU while
controller has peripherals embedded on
same chip
Controller is dedicated to a single task
while Processor can perform task
Clock rate of Microcontroller is low
Processors are quite expensive

MICROCONTROLLER IN
REAL LIFE

PROJECT 1

HOTEL ROOM ENTRANCE

ENTER ROOM USING RFID

FANS SPEED VARY ACCORDING TO
TEMPERATURE

CONCEPTS AND
COMPONNTS USED
RFID
LM-35
LCD
ADC
L293D and DC motor
PWM

RFID
Radio Frequency Identification
Comprises of 2 parts:- Reader and Tag
Tag has an IC and Memory to store data
Reader has IC and Coil to activate and read tag
Range varies from few meters to yards
Tag stores a unique code which can be read

LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY

A 16X2 LCD has IC HD44780
It is an alphanumeric IC
A jumper IC HD44100 is used to access complete
16X2screen.
3 Types of RAM :-DDRAM-Stores data to be displayed.
CGRAM-Stores the custom characters.
CGROM-Stores special characters

LM-35
It is a temperature sensor
It is more accurate than a
thermistor
Looks like a transistor and has 3
legs
Can detect temp from -50 to 150

Analog To Digital Converter

MCU operates on digital signals not on
Analog
ADC is required to convert analog signals to
digital signal
Atmega can either have 8bit or 10bit ADC
Using ADCSRA register we can switch modes
Atmega16/32 has 8 ADC pins

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

PROJECT

2MULTI PURPOSE
BOT
DTMF CONTROLLED BOT
OBSTACLE AVOID BOT
EDGE FOLLOWER BOT

CONCEPTS AND
COMPONNTS USED
DTMF
L293D IC
DC Motor
IR
PWM

IR-module
IR stands for Infra-red
It is used to detect obstacles or color
depending on config.
It has OP-Amp 358 which is used to amplify
output
It has a transmitter and a receiver

PULSE WIDTH MODULATION

PWM is MCUs way achieve to any analog
voltage.
Duty Cycle of pulse is varied as per
requirement.
PWM can be done by two methods:(1)Phase Correct PWM
(2)Fast PWM

L293D and DC Motor

Dual H bridge IC
Can control two motors at a time
Applying logic 00,11 would stop the motor and 01,

10 starts the motor

DC motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy
Its speed depends upon supply voltage and current
Types of DC motor :-

Brushed it uses dc current and magnets(rotating permanent)

Brushless it converts DC to AC and the uses the magnets

DTMF
DUAL TONE MULTI FREQUENCY
Use to decode the frequency generated from
touchpad.
Each key press generates two tones of specific
frequencies.
IC used in decoding DTMF is 8870DE.
This output can further be decoded to give 2^4
outputs

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

THANKY
OU