Professional Documents
Culture Documents
kinds of organizations?
Question Answered
What is the challenge for effective public management and
approaches?
Management?
Public Administration
What is Public Administration?
Some Definitions
Public administration is the action part of
Public vs Private
Administration
How does Public Administration differ from
Private Administration?
Constitution
In United States, the federal and state
constitutions define the environment of public
administration and place constraints over it.
Similarly in Pakistan the constitution provides for
it;
Political Executive (Cabinet/ P.M./ President);
Constitution (cont.)
Constitution (cont.)
Administrative/Bureaucratic Executive;
Constitution (cont.)
Constitution (cont.)
Public Interest
The government obligation to promote the
Market
Public agencies dont face free competitive
Sovereignty
Sovereignty (Cont.)
Public administrators are engaged in the
stakeholders)?
Public
vs Private
scope/functions
of Public Administration and
Private Administration?
Administration
Similarities
Are there any similarities in the
Public vs Private
Administration
Similarities
Publishing Year
2014
Edition
Fifth
Organization
Dynamic Context of Public Organizations
Key Dimensions of Organizing and Managing
Strategies for Managing and Improving Public
Organizations
Focused on
Integration of Various Organization Behaviour,
Author
Hal G. Rainey, Professor at University of Georgia
Approach
Positivist
Study
Descriptive
Overview
Individualism and political liberalism Hinder
Overview (Continued)
Government maintains writ with authority
web of politics.
Gross results are weak management of
Overview (Continued)
Situation forces to
Curtail government authority
Replace it with greater private activity
Make government operations more like to those of
Overview (Continued)
Too little analysis of the differences of public
General Management
Integration of general management theory with
and
Public
Organization
public organization would help but challenging.
Sociologists, psychologists and business
on sociology.
Public Administration,
Economics,
and Political
Body of literature, knowledge about public
administration exist
Science
Political scientists see public organizations
Public Administration,
Economics,
and Political
Sociologists and psychologists pointed out
divergence between general management public
Science
bureaucracy but believed OB and OT models and
framework still offer to analyze public organizations
They called for integration but performed empirical
introduction of MBA
Ineffective Public
Management?
Conflicting view point about organizations
Make blunders and harm people inside and outside
organizations
Severe challenges in effective operations and control
Ineffective Public
Management?
Short terms of officials, complex rules, less
flexibility, political pressures, political
showmanship and little attention on internal
management, ignoring expert advice, less
expertise and incentives for elected officials
add to the problems of ineffectiveness and
inefficiency
Effective Public
Management
Despite all the role of public organizations is
indispensable and have legitimate role
Some authors contend that public
The Challenge of
Sustained
Attention
and
Conflicting pressures
of who should control
and how should control and whose interest
Analysis
should be served? Etc.
Complex objectives and difficult conflicts
Organizations and managers to balance
The Challenge of
Sustained
Attention
and
Unique and generic
context for effective
public management go side by side.
Analysis
The challenge is to identify how much we know
A Framework for
Organizational Analysis
Overview
Explore the complex and diverse contexts of
Themes
First: the organizational aspects of development
What is Development?
the act or process of growing or causing something
Perspectives
Modernization Perspective:
Until the end of 1960s
Society progressed through an identified series of
Liberal Reformulations:
Minimized the role of economic growth
Welfare goals were set
Basic needs approach: Thebasic needs approachis one
of the majorapproachesto the measurement of absolute poverty
in developing countries. It attempts to define the absolute
minimum resources necessary for long-term physical well-being,
usually in terms of consumption goods.
Neo-Marxists:
Questioned the prevailing political economy.
Rejected modernization schools explanation.
Other Neo-Marxists: believed in simple reductionism
Dependency School:
Dependency theoryis the notion that resources flow
Similarities between
Modernization
and
Neo-Marxist
Both derive from European experience, formulated
by intellectuals, planners and politicians.
Both have visions of traditional or pre-capitalist
Neo-Populist:
Creators of alternative development strategies
Focused on small-scale enterprises, retention of a
Washington Consensus
John
Williamson
to GDP;
Redirection ofpublic spendingfrom subsidies ("especially
indiscriminate subsidies") toward broad-based provision of key progrowth, pro-poor services like primary education,primary health
careandinfrastructureinvestment;
Tax reform, broadening the tax base and adopting moderate
marginal tax rates;
Interest ratesthat are market determined and positive (but
moderate) in real terms;
Competitiveexchange rates;
Trade liberalization: liberalization of imports, with particular emphasis
on elimination of quantitative restrictions (licensing, etc.); any trade
protection to be provided by low and relatively uniformtariffs;
Liberalization of inwardforeign direct investment;
Privatization ofstate enterprises;
Deregulation: abolition of regulations that impede market entry or
restrict competition, except for those justified on safety,
environmental and consumer protection grounds, and prudential
Millennium Development
To eradicateextreme povertyandhunger
Goals
To achieveuniversal primary education
To promotegender equality
To reducechild mortality
To improvematernal health
To combatHIV/AIDS,malaria, and other diseases
To ensure environmental sustainability
To develop a global partnership for development
Sustainable development
End poverty in all its forms everywhere
goals
End hunger, achievefood securityand improved nutrition
and sustainable
Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
Take urgent action to combatclimate changeand its
impacts
Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and
marineresourcesfor sustainable development
Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of
terrestrialecosystems, sustainably manage forests,
combatdesertification, and halt and reverse land
degradation and halt biodiversityloss
Promote peaceful and inclusive societies forsustainable
development, provideaccess to justicefor all and build
effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the
global partnership forsustainable development
As of August 2015, there were 169 proposed targets for
these goals and 304 proposed indicators to show
From development
administration
to
development
Donald Stone said The primary obstacles to
management
development are administrative rather than
economic.
Thus, practice of development administration was
created to play a major role in facilitating
development.
Practical application for Modernization.
Managerial struggle against Communism
Development Administration:
Modernization
Governments as frontrunners to create a
difference.
Elitist bias.
Perceived as the transfer and application of a bag
of tools.
Foreign Aid.
Traditional culture was seen as a barrier.
Date
Selected Features
Classical
1900
Behavioral/
Human Relations
1930
Quantitative
1940
Quality
movement
1955
Open Systems/
Contingency
1965
Power/politics
1965
Managerialism
1980
Approach
Date
Selected Features
Strategic
Management
1990
Change
Management
1995
Critical
Management
2000
Managing
Innovation
2010
Critical Issues
Firstly, multiple interactions between state, market
Conclusion of Good
Governance
premises:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Focus on Results
Marketization
Customer-Driven
Steering, Not Rowing
Deregulation
Employee Empowerment
Flexibility
Criticism on NPM
Some authors say NPM has peaked and is now
in decline.
Critics like Dunleavy argue that the cutting
edge of change has moved on to digital era
governance focusing on reintegrating
concerns into government control, holistic (or
joined-up) government and digitalization
(exploiting the Web and digital storage and
communication within government).
One example of this is openforum.com.au
Conclusion