Professional Documents
Culture Documents
language skills
A workshop by
Dr. Mohamed Abu-Rahmah
The 8th Annual ELT Conference of
Language Center
April 23rd & 24th 2008
Sultan Qaboos University
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Input
Guiding Notes
Visuals
Output
(See the diagram on next slide)
2
Listening
Input
Visuals
Reading
Input
Notes
And/ or
R/L
Tasks
S. Tasks
Output
S.
Tasks
Krashens Input
The language that students hear or
read. It should contain language that
the students already know as well
as language they have not previously
seen.
1. comprehensible
2. Interesting, useful and/or relevant
3. in sufficient quantity roughly-tuned
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Intake
Input
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Guiding Notes
They are a summary version of the
informational, organizational, and
linguistic features in a given input text.
They carry the main thread of meaning ...
[and] provide the skeleton for producing
spoken and written outputs.
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Using Visuals
Using visuals enables students to
connect form practiced at the
previous two stages to meaning;
concretize the information in the input
text and produce less controlled
spoken and then written output
versions of the original text.
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4.
Written Output
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15
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Listening
Speaking
Writing
Reading
Integrating teaching the 4 language skills
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A Demonstration Lesson
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Task 1:
Read these words, locate them in the input
text, underline each one, and organize these
words according to the order in which they
appear in the input text. The first and last
verbs are done for you.
Stick
Push
Push
Make
Find
Cut
Make
Push
Paint
Take off Cut out Trace
Find
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1. Find
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13. Paint
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1. Find
2. Take off
3. Cut
4. Find
5. Make
6. Push
7. Make
8. Push
9. Trace
10. Stick
11. Cut out
12. Push
13. Paint
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the lid
it
the shape
the head
a match stick
a slit
4 match sticks
a tube
5 match
sticks
a hole
the head
the neck
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1. Find
a tube
2. Take off
3. Cut
4. Find
5. Make
6. Push
7. Make
a hole
8. Push
9. Trace
10. Stick
11. Cut out
12. Push
13. Paint
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1. Find
a tube
2. Take off
the lid
3. Cut
a slit
4. Find
5 match sticks
5. Make
4 holes
6. Push
4 match
sticks
7. Make
a hole
8. Push
a match stick
9. Trace
the head
10. Stick
it
the shape
12. Push
the neck
13. Paint
the head
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Task 3:
Read these phrases, locate them in the given input
text and draw a rectangle around each one. Then
insert them into the appropriate cells, forming the
third column.
on to a card on to a card
in the hole
at the top
underneath
the tube
in the end
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1. Find
a tube
2. Take off
the lid
3. Cut
a slit
4. Find
5 match sticks
5. Make
4 holes
6. Push
4 match
sticks
7. Make
a hole
8. Push
a match stick
9. Trace
the head
10. Stick
it
the shape
12. Push
the neck
13. Paint
the head
underneath the
tube
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1. Find
a tube
2. Take off
the lid
3. Cut
a slit
4. Find
5 match sticks
5. Make
4 holes
6. Push
4 match
sticks
in the holes
7. Make
a hole
at the top
8. Push
a match stick
in the hole
9. Trace
the head
from the
picture
10. Stick
it
on to a card
the shape
12. Push
the neck
13. Paint
the head
in the end
underneath the
tube
Challenging tasks
a. If we want to have challenging tasks, some of
the words/phrases can be erased and Ss are
asked to give some instructions for making a
paper dog from the next table.
b. Ss can also inject/embed some descriptive
comments using the words/phrases in the 4 th
column.
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1. Find
a tube
[cardboard: a sweets
tube; a kitchen roll]
2. Take off
the lid
3. Cut
a slit
4. Find
5 match sticks
5. Make
4 holes
6. Push
4 match
sticks
in the holes
7. Make
a hole
at the top
[similar; small]
8. Push
a match stick
in the hole
9. Trace
the head
from the
picture
10. Stick
it
on to a card
the shape
12. Push
the neck
13. Paint
the head
in the end
[small]
underneath the
tube
[used]
[small]
[stiff]
Using Visuals
In the carrying out of the earlier three tasks
the learners might have hypothesized the
meaning of the verbal information they
have collected in notes form.
Their hypotheses might be sound or
unsound.
The role of using visuals; they are required
to support the learners' hypotheses about
meaning and/or help them to discover it.
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The output
Find a tube. Take off the lid. Cut a slit in
the end. Find 5 matchsticks. Make four
holes underneath the tube. Push 4
matchsticks in the holes. Make a hole at
the top of the tube. Push in a matchstick.
Trace the head from the picture. Stick it
onto a card. Cut out the shape. Push the
neck into the slit. Paint the head brown.
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