Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Group Behavior
9-1
Copyright 2015 Pearson Education Ltd.
Define
Group,
and
Differentiate
LO 1
Between Different Types of
Groups
A group is defined as two or more
individuals, interacting and interdependent,
who have come together to achieve
particular objectives.
Groups can be either formal or informal.
Formal groups those defined by the
organizations structure.
Informal groups alliances that are
neither formally structured nor
organizationally determined.
Copyright 2015 Pearson Education Ltd.
9-2
Define
Group,
and
Differentiate
LO 1
Between Different Types of
Groups
Social identity theory considers when
and why individuals consider themselves
members of groups.
People have emotional reactions to the
failure or success of their group because
their self-esteem gets tied into the
performance of the group.
Social identities help us understand who
we are and where we fit in with people.
Ingroup favoritism
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9-3
9-4
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LO 2
9-5
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LO 2
Group Effectiveness
Groups proceed through the stages of
group development at different rates.
Those with a strong sense of purpose and
strategy rapidly achieve high
performance and improve over time.
Similarly, groups that begin with a
positive social focus appear to achieve
the performing stage more rapidly.
Groups dont always proceed clearly from
one stage to the next.
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9-6
LO 2
9-7
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LO 3
9-8
Demonstrate
LO
4
Demonstrate
LO
4
9-10
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Demonstrate
LO
4
9-11
Demonstrate
LO
4
9-12
LO 5
Show
How Group Size Affects
Group Performance
Contrast
The
Benefits
And
LO 6
Disadvantages Of Cohesive
Groups
9-14
Copyright 2015 Pearson Education Ltd.
LO 7
9-15
Contrast
the
Strengths
and
LO 8
Weaknesses of Group Decision
Making
Strengths of group decision making:
More complete information and
knowledge
Increased diversity of views
Increased acceptance of solutions
Weaknesses of group decision making:
Time consuming
Conformity pressures
Dominance of a few members
Ambiguous responsibility
Copyright 2015 Pearson Education Ltd.
9-16
Contrast
the
Strengths
and
LO 8
Weaknesses of Group Decision
Making
Effectiveness and efficiency of group
decisions:
Accuracy
Speed
Creativity
Acceptance
9-17
Copyright 2015 Pearson Education Ltd.
Contrast
the
Strengths
and
LO 8
Weaknesses of Group Decision
Making
Groupthink situations in which group pressures
for conformity deter the group from critically
appraising unusual, minority, or unpopular views.
Related to norms
Groupshift a change between a groups
decision and an individual decision that a member
within the group would make.
The shift can be toward either conservatism or
greater risk, but is generally toward a more
extreme version of the groups original position.
9-18
Copyright 2015 Pearson Education Ltd.
Compare
the Effectiveness of Interacting,
LO 9
Brainstorming, and the Nominal Group
Technique
Most group decision making takes place in
interacting groups.
Members meet face-to-face and rely on
both verbal and nonverbal interaction to
communicate with each other.
Interacting groups often censor
themselves and pressure individual
members toward conformity of opinion.
9-19
Copyright 2015 Pearson Education Ltd.
Compare
the Effectiveness of Interacting,
LO 9
Brainstorming, and the Nominal Group
Technique
Brainstorming can overcome pressures
for conformity.
In a brainstorming session:
The group leader states the problem
clearly.
Members then free-wheel as many
alternatives as they can.
No criticism is allowed.
One idea stimulates others, and group
members are encouraged to think the
unusual.Copyright 2015 Pearson Education Ltd.
9-20
Compare
the Effectiveness of Interacting,
LO 9
Brainstorming, and the Nominal Group
Technique
The nominal group technique - restricts
discussion or interpersonal communication
during the decision making process.
Group members are all physically
present, but members operate
independently.
The main advantage is that it permits
the group to meet formally but does not
restrict independent thinking, as does
the interacting group.
Research shows
that
nominal
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2015 Pearson
Education Ltd. groups
9-21
Compare
the Effectiveness of Interacting,
LO 9
Brainstorming, and the Nominal Group
Technique
In a nominal group, a problem is presented,
then
Each member independently writes down
his/her ideas on the problem.
After this silent period, each member
presents one idea to the group.
The ideas are discussed for clarity.
Each group member rank-orders the
ideas.
The idea with the highest aggregate
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ranking determines
the final decision.
9-22
Compare
the Effectiveness of Interacting,
LO 9
Brainstorming, and the Nominal Group
Technique
9-23
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9-26
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9-27