cadangan

Bagian dari csp

reflector/solar thermal
Solar collector
Hot salt tank
Cold salt tank
boiler
Steam turbine
Generator
condensor

Solar collector
Solar collector , berfungsi untuk mengumpulkan energi panas yang berasal dari
pantulan cermin dan menyimpannya. Setelah itu energi panas yang tersimpan dibuat
untuk menggerakan uap dengan menggunakan steam trubine untuk menghasilkan
energi listrik , dimana nantinya akan ditransfer ke jaringan listrik
Keuntungan :
1. fluida yang bekerja dapat mencapai
temperatur yang tinggi pada pemusat cahaya ,
berbeda dengan sistem flat plate.
2. efisiensi thermal nya sangat bagus karena
panas yang terbuang sangat sedikit
3. Pada penampang refleksi / solar thermal
membutuhkan material yang sedikit dan
struktur yang simple daripada panel datar /
pv . Sedangkan untuk pemusat cahaya , biaya
per unit areanya lebih murah dari pada panel

Kerugian :
1. Sistem pemusat , radiasi yang tersebar sedikit
yang terkumpul tergantung dari rasio pemusatan
2. Bentuk dari sistem traking nya diperlukan untuk
mengaktifkan sistem pengumpul untuk mengikuti
arah matahari
3. Permukaan refleksi solar dapat longgar pada
sistem refleksinya , diperlukan pembersihan dan
perbaikan secara rutin
4. Pada saat cuaca berawan , pemusat cahaya
dapat menangkap radiasi yang cukup banyak
untuk celah tertentu dibanding dengan plat fatar.
Csp sendiri lebih baik dalam memusatkan cahaya

Hot and cold tank

How Concentrated Solar Power System Works
Unlike the photovoltaic solar cells, converting energy
from sunlight to electricity by CSP systems is based on
the application of heat engine rather than photovoltaic
effect which is directly transfer photon energy into
electricity energy.

Sistem Penyimpanan

Storage Systems
Since we do not have sunlight 24 hours a day, a storage system
is needed to extend the working hours of a solar energy plant to
satisfy demand during the night time

 Costs[edit]
As of 9 September 2009, the cost of building a CSP station was typically about US$2.50 to $4
per watt,[36]while the fuel (the sun's radiation) is free. Thus a 250MW CSP station would have
cost $6001000 million to build. That works out to $0.12 to0.18 USD/kWh. [36]New CSP stations
may be economically competitive with fossil fuels. Nathaniel Bullard, a solar analyst at
Bloomberg New Energy Finance, has calculated that the cost of electricity at theIvanpah
Solar Power Facility, a project under construction in Southern California, will be lower than
that from photovoltaic power and about the same as that from natural gas. [37]However, in
November 2011, Google announced that they would not invest further in CSP projects due to
the rapid price decline ofphotovoltaics. Google invested US$168 million on BrightSource. [38][39]
IRENAhas published on June 2012 a series of studies titled: "Renewable Energy Cost Analysis".
The CSP study shows the cost of both building and operation of CSP plants. Costs are expected
to decrease, but there are insufficient installations to clearly establish the learning curve. As of
March 2012, there were 1.9GW of CSP installed, with 1.8GW of that being parabolic trough. [40]

SEGS was put into service in the 1980s (yep, about

3 decades ago). With capital costs paid off and its
initial power purchase agreement (PPA) over,
owners of the project have been able to put in bids
for new electricity sales agreements that
outcompete its competitors. In fact, it is now
selling electricity to Southern California Edison for
a very low rate.
Marc Ulrich, VP of Trading and Energy Operations
at Southern California Edison (SCE), toldCSP
Todaythat SEGS is now selling electricity to SCE
for about5.57 cents per kWh. Thats a very,
very low price.
SEGS are getting paid about 6 cents a kilowatt
hour, for energy they deliver to SCE. I rounded it
up: its current rates are 5.57 cents, during the
winter period. Next month in June well go into
summer period and prices will change again,
Ulrich said.
Pricing over the course of 30 or so years gets much
more complicated, of course. But the point of the
matter is that, even today, CSP plants can be

 One of the key assumptions in determining the cost of

electricity from a power plant is how long that power
plant will be operational. Almost universally, that
estimate is too low. But I think this mistake is
particularly strong when it comes to solar power
both solar photovoltaics (PV) and concentrated solar
thermal power (CSP).
In the case of CSP, theSolar Energy Generating Station
(SEGS) project in Southern California, provides a great
example of how CSP plants can just keep going and
going.

With regard to the second point, it is well established that the

cost of new technologies falls as volumes increasevia massproduction of standardised parts, rationalisation of designs to
speed up construction and to minimise the need for skilled
labour, and other measures. This is discussed in
the TRANS-CSP report from the DLR and inreports
by Sargent & Lundy from 2003 and 2005. The following chart
(from the MED-CSP report in 2005) shows how the cost of CSP
electricity is likely to tumble compared with the cost of
electricity from fossil fuels, assuming a 1% annual rise in the
costs of fossil fuels (a predicted rate of increase that is smaller
than the rate at which those costs have actually been rising).

 Dr Franz Trieb, Project Manager for theTRANS-CSP and MED-CSP reports , said (in August 2006)
that "The cost of collecting solar thermal energy equivalent to one barrel of oil is about US$50
right now ... and is likely to come down to around US$20 in future."
Public support
In the chart shown above, fromthe 'MED-CSP' report(published in 2005), it is suggested that, in
the period up to about 2017, public support of about US$ 75 billion will be required for CSP in
the Middle East and North Africa. But a more recent study for the Center for Global
Development (Desert power: the economics of solar thermal electricity for Europe, North Africa,
and the Middle East, PDF, 710 KB, December 2008) says that "implementation will require
international clean technology subsidies of about $20 billion over ten years. By the end of the
program, the expected profitability of unsubsidized CSP projects is competitive with that of coal
and gas power generation in Europe. Over the full life of the program, the present value cost of
CO2averted is as low as $14 per ton. This is a very modest carbon shadow price, even by
conservative standards."

 http://www.trec-uk.org.uk/csp/costs.htm

 Concentrated solar power (CSP) is being widely commercialized,

with about 1.17 GW of CSP capacities in 2011, with 582 MW of
them are located in Spain, and the 507 megawatts of capacity in the
United States. About 17.54 GW of CSP projects are under
development worldwide, and the United States leads with about 8.67
GW. Spain ranks second with 4.46 GW in development, followed by
China with 2.5 GW.27 Figures 30 33 project CSP electricity
production and consumption by 2050.

CSP generates very high temperatures that allow

many important production procedures or chemical
reactions occur.
Concentrating solar thermal technologies also
allows the production of hydrogen (H2), which
forms the basis of fuels, or carriers, that can help
store solar energy and distribute it to industry,
households and transportation, substituting fossilbased fuels with low-emission solar energy. Solar
towers and large dishes are capable of delivering
the required amount of heat at the appropriate
temperatures. Other industry applications that
may integrated with CSP include solar
decarbonization, solar desalination etc.
Concentrated solar power provides an alternative
technology for renewable energy. It has very

Like photovoltaic panel systems, CSP systems have

been widely commercialized and
under rapid development, with 1.17GW (40GW
capacity was achieved by photovoltaic
sectors in 2010).31 Analysts predict that it will
reach same level of market share as
photovoltaic systems in 2050. Both exceed
4000TWh/year and each will occupy more than10
percent of global electricity generation. Solar
thermal have offers advantages in lower set up
and energy storage system cost. Recent
development of thermoelectric technology may
also
push the solar thermal electricity technology into a
new stage

 CSP systems have better performance, their lifespan of approximately 25

to 30 years with an energy payback time of just five months. In addition,
CSP solar field materials can be recycled and used again for future plants
CSP requires higher capital investment and maintenance cost. However,
initial investment costs are likely to fall steadily as plants get bigger as a
function of economies of scale, competition increases, equipment mass
production, technology improvements and the financial community gains
confidence in CSP. In total, investment costs for CSP have the potential to
be reduced by 30 percent to 40 percent in the next decade while for the
solar tower investment costs could fall by 40 percent to 75 percent.

CSP uses the heat engine and does not have the conversion
problem, not only can it directly connect to the grid, but also
CSP plants can be equipped with backup power from
combustible fuels. CSP uses the heat engine and does
not have the conversion problem, not only can it
directly connect to the grid, but also CSP plants
can be equipped with backup power from
combustible fuels. CSP plants can continue to
produce electricity even when clouds block the sun
or after sundown. to build a 50 MWe CSP it would
require 24 36 months.

Solar energy falls on the surface of the earth at a rate of 120

petawatts, (1 petawatt = 1015 watt).