Paper 2 / Section B (SUBJECTIVE)

1. List2typesofstressinterventionprogram
2. 2mainfactorstodeterminethechemicaltoxicity
3. 2formseffecttheeffectivenessofgeneralventilationsystem
4. MotorvehicleonConstructionsitealwaysaccident.Name2
methodtocontroltheaccidents/avoid
5. 4machinesatconstructionthatneedCertificateofFitness
6. Airsamplingto_____&_______contaminant?
7. Biologicalmonitoringtohuman?___________&
_____________
8. ExcessiveLoadforelectricalequipment,howtocontrol?
name2
9. FireSpreadMethod,name2.
10.Name2diseasesassociatedtoheatstrees

Paper 2 Section C
Question 1
Explain5problemsthathappentoshiftworkers(20
marks)

Paper 2 Section C
Question 2
Awelderfellfromaroofwhileweldingametal
beam.Aladderwasusedinsteadofscaffold.The
supervisorinstructedtheworkertousetheladder.
Theassistanttothewelderinonleave.Explain5
controlmeasurestopreventrecurrence(20marks)

Answer Question 2
The5controlmeasuresare:
1. Employees:trainingtoensuretheirawareness
andcompetency
2.Dutiesandresponsibilities:theneedfor
ownershipofthetask.
3.SOP:thiswillensureasafesystemofwork,and
canbeeffectiveifitisderivedfromarisk
assessmentorjobsafetyanalysis
4.Scaffold:theuseofscaffoldwillreduceriskof
fallingwhensafetyharnessisused
5.Workingatgroundlevel.Astudyshouldbe
carriedouttoestablishthefeasibleforweldingto
bedoneatagroundlevel.Thiswilleliminatethe
necessityofworkingatheight.

Paper 2 Section C
Question 3
a.Listtheother4componentsinthe
diagram(nextslide)(4marks)
b.Explain2ofthecomponentsabove
(6marks)
c.Explain5controlmeasuretoprevent
biologicalhazard(10marks)

10a.Listtheother4componentsinthediagrambelow(4
marks)
Pathogen

Transmissionthrough
environment

10a.Ans:Theother4componentsinthediagramare:
Pathogen
Reservoir
Escapefromreservoir

Transmissionthrough
environment
Enteringroute
Susceptiblehost
Thisisknownasthechainofinfection

10b.Explain2components
Apathogenisabiologicalagentthatcausesdiseaseorillnesstoits
host.Itisusedtorefertoinfectiousorganismswhichincludesbacteria,
viruses(e.g.HIV),andfungi(e.g.yeast).
TheReservoirHost.Thisiswheretheorganisminwhichtheinfectious
microbesreside(humanse.g.inlung,inanimalsorinsects)
Escapefromthereservoir.Thisistheescapeofthepathogenfromthe
reservoir.Examples:respiratorysecretions,bloodexposure,breaksin
skin
Transmissionthroughenvironment.Thisisthemethodbywhichthe
pathogengetsfromthereservoirtothesusceptiblehost.Transmission
mayoccurthrough:directcontact(person-to-person),indirectcontact
(objectsuchascontaminated endoscope), air (droplet nuclei of
tuberculosis) or insect

Explain2components
Enteringroute.Thisistheroutethroughwhichthepathogenentersits
susceptiblehoste.g.throughinhalation,ingestionofbreaksintheskin
Susceptiblehost.Thisistheorganthatacceptsthepathogen.The
supportofpathogenlife&itsreproductiondependonthedegreeofthe
effective resistance to a particular pathogenic agent.

10c.Explain5controlmeasuretoprevent
biologicalhazard
Controlmeasures-Chainofinfection
Acircleoflinks,eachrepresentingacomponentin
thecyclemustbepresentandinsequentialorder
foraninfectiontooccur.Interruptingthechainof
infectionisessentialtocontrolbiologicalhazard

10c.5controlmeasuretopreventbiologicalhazard
Interruptingthechainofinfection:
1.PathogenIdentification:Identificationofinfectiousagent
&appropriatetreatmentidentificationofinfectiousagent
2.Asepsis&Hygiene:Potentialhosts&carriersmust
practiceasepsis&maintainproperpersonalhygiene
3.ControlPortalsofExit:Employeesmustpractice
necessaryprecautionssuchascontrolanddisposalof
bodysecretions&washinghands.
Asepsis: practicetoreduceoreliminatecontaminants(e.g.bacteria,
viruses,fungi,andparasites)fromenteringtheoperativefieldin
surgeryormedicinetopreventinfection.Ideally,afieldis"sterile"(free
ofallcontaminants),butdifficulttoattain.Eliminationofinfectionisthe
goalofasepsis,notsterility.

10c.5controlmeasuretopreventbiologicalhazard
4.PreventaRouteofTransmissionby:practice
goodhygienesuchaswashinghands,useof
appropriatedisinfection&sterilization.Other
preventiontechniquesincludeisolationof
infectedpatientsandnotworkingwhenoneis
contagious
5.ProtectPortalofEntry.Ensuringthatportsof
entryarenotsubjectedtopathogens(nose,
mouth,eyes,urinarytract,openwounds,etc.).
UseofPPEmayhelpinsomecases

Paper 2 Section C
Question 4
a) List4hazardsintheoffice
b) Explain2hazardsthatyouhave
statedin(a)
c) Explain6controlmeasuresfor
thehazardsmentionedin(b)

Paper 2 Section C
Question 5
Cradletograveconcept.Discuss.
(20marks)

Paper 2 Section C
Question 6
a) Definitionofconfinedspaceand
2examples
b) 4mainhazardswhenworking
c) Causesofoxygendeficiencyin
confinedspace
d) 4safetymeasure+illustrations