TEXTILE

Textile is a Latin word which refers to Woven Fabrics.

The term now has a broader meaning and covers materials which
are produced by other means , including:
the interlacing of yarns, such as knitting, lace making and
netting;
other needlework techniques worked through a woven base,
such as embroidery and canvas work.
Some examples of textiles
costume, uniforms;millinery;tapestries;ecclesiastical textiles;carpets and
rugs;dolls & soft toys, parasols and fans;patchwork and applique;flags
and banners;quilts;needlework;curtains, upholstery;ethnographic
textiles;samplers;non-woven materials such as felt,etc.

Textile Process Flow

Textile Fiber Selection

Yarn (Spinning)
Weaving or knitting
Processing(Dyeing & Printing)
Finishing

GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF THE TEXTILE FIBERS

T E X T IL E F IB R E S
N ATU R AL

M AN M AD E

V E G ETA B LE
( C e llu lo s ic )

A N IM A L
( P r o t e in )

M IN E R A L

S E M I-S Y N T H E T IC
(R E G E N E R A T E D )

S Y N T H E T IC

C O TTO N
L IN E N
JU TE
H E M P & R E M IE

W O O L
S IL K

M E T A L ( Z A R I)

V IS C O S E R A Y O N
M O D AL
LYO C E LL

NYLO N
TEYLEN E
O R LO N

Yarn

YARN
Yarn is defined as a linear assemblage of the
fibers twisted together.
The process of making the yarn from a
textile fiber is called Spinning

YARN MANUFACTURING PROCESS

(Cotton)

BALE OPENER
MIXING
BLOW-ROOM
CARDING
DRAWING
COMBING
SIMPLEX (ROVING)
SPINNING (RING FRAME)

Bale opener

BALE OPENING
BALE OPENING or BREAKING:
The cotton tufts are opened in this process.
As the cotton arrives in an extremely compressed
condition the first operation is to loosen the matted fibers
The cotton fiber is loosen by means of rotating spiked
rollers of the bale opener.

Mixing

Mixing
This is a process of mixing the
same/different category of fibers to get
desired properties and cost effectiveness.
Mixing is done after the study of the
essential properties of fiber like staple
length,Tensile strength, fineness, uniformity
etc.

Blow room

BLOW ROOM
In this process the cleaning and opening of the
cotton is done by beaters and openers.
The foreign materials like dust particles, seeds of
cotton and other impurities are partially removed
in this process.
The cotton tufts are opened and cleaned in this
process and the cotton lap is made out.

Carding

CARDING
Carding is the heart of spinning in this
process the minute impurities like small seed
particles,immature fibers etc. are removed.
The straightening and aligning of fibers are
done in this process.
In carding the Blow room lap is attenuated
to the card sliver.

Draw Frame

Draw Frame
Through drafting fibbers get
paralleled
Up to Eight Carded Slivers are fed
into the Draw-Frame and they are
stretched/Straightened and made
into a single sliver.
Also fiber blending can be done at
this stage.

Simplex

Simplex (Roving Frame)

Further drafting is done here to get the fibers more
aligned/paralleled.

The Sliver from Draw-Frame is thicker and will be

difficult to be fed into the Ring-frame as is, hence here the
Slivers are stretched and were made thinner by Drafting
and mild twisting (so as to strengthen the Roving).

The End-Product from the Simplex is called as Roving.

Ring Frame

Ring Frame (Spinning)

The roving is fed into the Ring-frame and is made
into yarn by further Drafting & Twisting.

Basic Functions of Ring Frame

to draft the roving until the required fineness is achieved
to impart strength to the fiber, by inserting twist.
Depending upon the yarn count required , the drafting and
twisting can be adjusted.

Air Jet loom(Weaving)