Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ARCH-432
Attendance
Which civilization
made it a point to
layout whole cities to
take advantage of
passive heating? In
what direction did the
city streets run?
A. Greece
B. Rome
C. Egypt
D. Persia
E. Babylonia
Attendance
The ancient Greeks
did this. What was
shown is Priene
(Prin); (5th Century
B.C.), which had all of
the streets laid out in
an East-West fashion,
thus allowing all
homes to point South.
Attendance
Only primitives and barbarians lacked
knowledge of houses turned to face
the
winter sun, dwelling beneath the
ground
like swarming ants in
sunless caves.
Aeschylus
Greetings
Capt.
Kirk
Aeschylus
Attendance
Aeschylus pronounced Ess ca less
One of the earliest writer of Greek
tragedy before him plays had single
actors who could only respond to a
chorus (group of people). Aeschylus
increase the tragedy to two actors
with dialog.
Ceiling
Partitio
n
Glass
conductio
n
Exterior
wall
Floor
roof
Glass
conducti
on
Exterio
r
wall
Transmission (conduction)
Infiltration (convection)
Ventilation (convection)
Radiation (radiation)
Moisture migration
Infiltratio
n and
Ventilatio
n
Ceiling
Floor
Envelope
Losses
Terms
Infiltration
Exfiltration
Ventilation
Direct Outside Air System (DOAS)
Infiltration
The uncontrolled
introduction of
outside air into a
building.
Infiltration
The uncontrolled introduction of fresh air into a
building.
1. Most subjective of all losses
2. Oftentimes the largest of all heat losses.
Sometimes comprises up to 30% of the
total
heating load.
3. Ends up being an educated guess
Ventilation
The mechanical introduction of
outside air (OA) to:
Replace Oxygen
Dilute contaminants
Pressurize the building
Moisture Load
Infiltration Calculation
Methods
Crack method
Air Change Method
Averaging method (I dont know
so Im going to throw a dart
method)
Crack Method
Presumes that an accurate estimate
can be obtained by estimating the
rate of infiltration per foot of crack
for doors and windows
CFM = Ft. of Crack x Infiltration Rate
QS = 1.1 x CFM x (T2 T1) in BTU/HR
CFM = x D
LEED-NC Credit EQ 5
for providing
vestibules.
Infiltration by Crack
Method
Add CFM from Crack losses to CFM
for Open Door losses
Mitigation Strategies
Pressurization
QS = 1.1 x CFM x (T2 T1)
Vs.
Infiltration Variables
Review
Wind velocity and direction
Stack effects
Corner rooms
Exhaust fans on or off
Pressure zoning
Frequency of use
Maintenance
Stack Effect
Review
Occupancy
Climatic condition (i.e. winter vs. summer)
Construction (tight or loose)
Table 2-8
OR
Infiltration
Ht.
12
W.
L.
1.10 air exch. vol. In cf
46.66 74.66 1.10
0.5
41,803.63
Temp.
/ 60
Ch.
348.36 76
29,123.19
W.
L.
1.10
46.66 74.66 1.10
Occup/
Ra
Rp 1000
0.18
5
10.00
cfm
sf
exchange Occup.
3,483.64 0.180
34.84
Temp.
Ch.
76
66,983.35
Latent Load
BtuH = 4500 x (air exchanges x
(volume) /60) x
(W Final W Initial)
(W Final W Initial) = Difference Ratio
Pounds of
Moisture per dry air
Ventilation
x
(Ti To)
Ventilation
Btu H = 1.1 x [ (.18 x 3,632) + (30 x 5)] x
76o
= 67,214
Ventilation
and / or
Infiltration