UNIT-II

MULTISTAGE
AMPLIFIERS

INTRODUCTION
If the voltage or power gain obtained from a
single stage small signal amplifier is not
sufficient for a practical application , we go
for more than one stage of amplification to
achieve required voltage and power gain.
Such an amplifier is called a multistage
amplifier

INTRODUCTION
In multistage amplifiers, the output
of one stage is fed as the input to the
next as shown in figure below

INTRODUCTION
A multistage amplifier using two or
more single stage common emitter
amplifier is called as cascaded
amplifiers
A multistage amplifier with CE as the
first stage and CB as the second stage
is called as cascode amplifier.
Such cascade and cascode connections
are also possible in FET amplifiers

Comparison of various multistage

configurations

Use of coupling schemes

When amplifiers are cascaded, it is
necessary to use a coupling network
between the output of one amplifier and
the input of the following amplifier. This
type of coupling is called as inter stage
coupling
These coupling networks serves the
following
It transfers the ac output of one stage to the
input of the next stage
It isolates the dc conditions of one stage to
the next stage
It also provides impedance matching

Different coupling schemes

Resistance Capacitance coupling
or
Capacitive Coupling
Direct Coupling
Transformer Coupling

Capacitive Coupling

Note that there is a single dc source (VCC),

as well as the signal ground, common to
both stages.

Direct Coupling

Direct coupling is just what it sounds

like two amplifier stages are direct
coupled if the output of the first stage
is connected to the input of the second

Transformer Coupling

N1 gives the number of turns in the primary

coil and N2 is the number of turns in the
secondary coil. The turns ratio may be
expressed as N1:N2 as shown in the figure, a:1

Frequency response
The voltage gain and phase shift of
the gain depend on the frequency
range over which the amplifier
operate
In general the entire frequency range
can be divided into three ranges
Mid frequency range
Low frequency range
High frequency range

Mid -Frequency range

In this frequency range the voltage gain is
practically constant and is not affected by
the changes of the capacitances in the
circuit
The reactance Xc=1/WCc of the coupling
capacitor in series between the amplifying
stages is very small so that it can be
neglected
Therefore the voltage gain may be
considered as Aom=1

Low frequency range

In this frequency range , the circuit
behaves like the simple high pass
circuit as shown in figure
From the circuit

Low frequency range

Where
Therefore the magnitude of the
voltage gain at low frequency
response is

And the phase angle is

At f=fL,

High frequency range

Above the mid band
frequency, the transistor
behaves like the simple low
pass circuit as shown in figure
From the circuit,

High frequency range

Therefore
Let
we get
Therefore the magnitude of the
voltage gain is

and phase is
.

Frequency response

Analysis of cascaded RC
coupled BJT amplifiers