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Hardik Patel
Roll No:11me03
Dhruv Patel
Roll No:11me20
Priyam Patel
Roll No:11ME21
Hardik Pathak
Roll No:11me59
Guided By:
Mr. Ravish Patel
FLOW VISUALIZATION IN
WIND TUNNEL FOR
ANALYSSI OF
AERODYNAMIC SHAPE
ANALYSIS
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING (SEM 7)
Vadodara Institute of Engineering,
Kotambi
ABSTRACT
Flow visualization is a technique in experimental fluid mechanics that renders
certain properties of a flow field directly accessible to visual perception. In
general and under normal circumstances, most fluids, gaseous or liquid, are
transparent media, and their motion must remain invisible to the human eye
during direct observation, unless a technique allowing visualization of the flow
is applied. The technique of marking flow lines or structures in an air stream by
means of smoke is, in principle, the same as visualizing the flow pattern of a
liquid by the injection of dye. Although it is application is not restricted to wind
tunnels, smoke visualization is a standard experimental tool for these facilities,
and its technical advancement is closely related to the history of wind tunnels.
This final year project is intended to design and fabricate a wind tunnel
equipped with smoke flow visualization facility for the experimental
research at our institutes Fluid Mechanics Laboratory. The aim is to make a
2-dimensional flow visualization set-up, which can aid for experiments related
to flow over various 2D test profiles. The term smoke can be used in a wide
sense. It is not only restricted to combustion products, but can also include
steam, vapour, aerosols and mist. Desired properties for a tracer are neutral
buoyancy, stability against mixing, etc. Considering the economics, ease of use
and availability, kerosene has been selected to generate smoke. In this project,
we will study about effect of air and the values of lift and drag over an airfoil
and cylinder at different angle of attack.
OUTLINE
LITERATURE REVIEW
INTRODUCTION
SMOKE VISUALIZATION
TCHNIQUE
DESIGN CALCULATION AND
DESIGN
EXPECTED OUTCOME
LITERATURE REVIEW
1. Design of Various Components of Open Circuit Wind Tunnel
RanjanBasak and DebojyotiMitra stated that a wind tunnel is an essential tool
in engineering, both for model tests and basic research. To ensure a controlled
return flow, most of the tunnels are designed as a closed circuit type. However,
it is possible to achieve high performance from an open circuit tunnel, therefore
saving space and construction cost. For easy of changing the working section
the exit diffuser is often omitted from open circuit blower tunnels at the cost of
power factor greater than unity. In this paper detail design procedure is
discussed for open circuit blower tunnel without exit diffuser.
The aerodynamic design of open circuit wind tunnel driven by a centrifugal
blower connected to the settling chamber by a wide angle diffuser is discussed.
The design or choice of blower, diffuser, screens, contraction and working
section are described here. They have a strong influence on tunnel performance.
The design rules and suggestions are mainly based on data collected from
successful blower tunnel design. The design of blower driven wind tunnel is a
combination of arts, science and common sense, the last being the essential. It is
difficult and unwise to predict firm rules for tunnel design. This is mainly due
to the wide variety of tunnel design and the lack of understanding of the flow
through wind tunnel components like diffuser, screen and blower itself. It is
more feasible and sensible to predict design boundaries based on the data from
existing tunnels which are known to perform satisfactorily.
The second type is off surface such as smoke and streams.There are basically
four methods of recording the flow visualization test are showed above.Because
of the depth perception one can see a three dimensional picture. The other three
common methods of recording the result of flow visualization are by film,
either still or movie or television camera or video and magnetic tapes. It must
be realized that all three of these methods are using a two dimensional medium
to often record a three dimensional phenomena. This is especially fine when
using a smoke or helium bubbles to trace flow stream lines pass the model. All
three of these methods can be used either black and white or color. The
photography methods while recording more time for developing and printing
stills, when compared to video, yield higher resolution.
3. CFD Analysis
SelviRajan ,Santhoshkumar., Lakshmanan
In order to understand the physical phenomena of the wind flow over the
typical launch vehicle, the flow was simulated using both Wind tunnel and
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). In the present study, tests were
conducted on a 1:50 scaled model of a launch vehicle. The model was subjected
to two wind conditions, wind flow normal to the shorter plan dimension = 0 ,
where the three main cylinders of the model were one behind the other and
wind flow normal to the longer plan dimension, = 90 , where all the three main
cylinders of the vehicle are subjected to direct wind pressure in the windward
direction. Based on the CFD studies, the flow pattern and the force
coefficients were derived. To validate these results, wind tunnel tests were
carried out on a 1:50 scaled rigid and light-weight models respectively, for
obtaining path lines and force coefficients. Results on streamlines obtained
based on CFD simulation and wind tunnel experiments compared very well.
The force coefficients in both directions were evaluated from CFD results
showed good agreement with the corresponding measured values based on wind
tunnel experiment.
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION IS DEVIDED IN TWO PARTS
FLOW VISUALIZATION
TECHNIQUE
WIND TUNNEL
Fog:
Fog (wet water particles) is used to visualize
the flow.
WIND TUNNEL
A wind tunnel is a tool used in aerodynamic research to study the effects
of air moving past solid objects. A wind tunnel consists of a tubular
passage with the object under test mounted in the middle. Air is made to
move past the object by a powerful fan system or other means.
Main Component :
Settling Chamber
Contraction cone
Test Section
Diffuser
Drive(Exit) Section
Contraction Cone
Test Section
Diffusor section
EXPECTED OUTCOME
Mechanics Laboratory has been appreciated in terms of its potential to help
understand flow and its effect over various profiles.
Pressure interactions in the form of lift and drag, and observing qualitative
flow properties like flow separation.
Circulations and vortices, etc. Smoke has been selected for flow visualization
in the setup.
Various techniques of flow visualization for experiment purpose have been
studied and analyzed.
Fabrication of the wind tunnel has been completed according to the design.
Experiments have been carried out on various objects and results have been
analyzed.
A numerical simulation of flow past similar bodies using CFD software
developed and has been carried out.
In this project, students will study about the effect of air and the values of lift
and drag over an airfoil and cylinder at different angle of attack.
Efficient measurement of flow visualization.
Also we can easy to understand about smoke generation and stream line.