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CHAPTER
MECHANICS OF
MATERIALS
Ferdinand P. Beer
E. Russell Johnston, Jr.
John T. DeWolf
Deflection of Beams
Lecture Notes:
J. Walt Oler
Texas Tech University
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Deflection of Beams
Deformation of a Beam Under Transverse
Loading
Equation of the Elastic Curve
Direct Determination of the Elastic Curve
From the Load Di...
Statically Indeterminate Beams
Sample Problem 9.1
Method of Superposition
Maximum Deflection
9-2
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
EI
EI
1
EI
0
,
At the support B,
B
B
PL
2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
9-3
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
EI
9-4
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
2 3 2
dy
dx
d2y
dx 2
dx
x
dy
EI EI
M x dx C1
dx
0
EI y dx M x dx C1x C2
2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
9-5
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
EI y dx M x dx C1x C2
yB 0
Overhanging beam
y A 0,
yB 0
Cantilever beam
y A 0, A 0
9-6
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
dM
V x
dx
dV
w x
2
dx
dx
EI
d4y
dx
w x
9-7
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
EI y dx M x dx C1x C2
At x L, y 0
9-8
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
I 723 in 4
P 50 kips L 15 ft
E 29 106 psi
a 4 ft
9-9
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Pa
a
RB P 1
L
L
a
x
L
0 x L
d2y
P
x
2
L
dx
9 - 10
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
dy
1 a
P x 2 C1
dx
2 L
1 a
EI y P x3 C1x C2
6 L
2
EI
d y
P
x
2
L
dx
at x 0, y 0 : C2 0
1 a
1
at x L, y 0 : 0 P L3 C1L C1 PaL
6 L
6
Substituting,
dy
1 a
1
EI
P x 2 PaL
dx
2 L
6
1 a
1
EI y P x3 PaLx
6 L
6
dy PaL
x
1 3
dx 6 EI
L
2
PaL2 x x
y
6 EI L L
3
9 - 11
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
PaL2 x x
y
6 EI L L
3
xm
L
0.577 L
3
PaL2
ymax
0.577 0.577 3
6 EI
PaL2
ymax 0.0642
6 EI
ymax
50 kips 48 in 180 in 2
0.0642
ymax 0.238 in
2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
9 - 12
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
9 - 13
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
MD 0
1 w0 x 2 x
RA x
M 0
2 L 3
w0 x3
M RA x
6L
w0 x3
EI 2 M R A x
6L
dx
9 - 14
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
EI
d y
w0 x
R
x
A
6L
dx 2
RA
1
w0 L
10
9 - 15
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
EI y
w0 L x
w0 L3 x
6 10
120 L 120
w0
x5 2 L2 x3 L4 x
120 EIL
dy
w0
5 x 4 6 L2 x 2 L4
dx 120 EIL
at x = 0,
w0 L3
A
120 EI
9 - 16
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Method of Superposition
Principle of Superposition:
Deformations of beams subjected to
combinations of loadings may be
obtained as the linear combination of
the deformations from the individual
loadings
9 - 17
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
SOLUTION:
Superpose the deformations due to Loading I and Loading II as shown.
9 - 18
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
wL4
yB I
8 EI
Loading II
wL3
C II
48 EI
wL4
yC II
128 EI
128 EI 48 EI 2 384 EI
2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
9 - 19
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
6 EI 48EI
7 wL3
B
48 EI
wL4 7 wL4
yB yB I y B II
8 EI 384 EI
41wL4
yB
384 EI
9 - 20
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
9 - 21
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
SOLUTION:
Release the redundant support at B, and find deformation.
Apply reaction at B as an unknown load to force zero displacement at B.
9 - 22
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
24 EI
2
L
3
2
2 L L
3
2
L L
3
wL4
0.01132
EI
yB R RB 2 L L
3EIL 3 3
RB L3
0.01646
EI
From statics,
R A 0.271wL
2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
RC 0.0413wL
9 - 23
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Slope at end A,
wL3
wL3
A w
0.04167
24 EI
EI
0.0688wL L 2 L
wL3
A R
L 0.03398
6 EIL 3
EI
3
2
wL3
wL3
A A w A R 0.04167
0.03398
EI
EI
2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
wL3
A 0.00769
EI
9 - 24
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Moment-Area Theorems
Geometric properties of the elastic curve can
be used to determine deflection and slope.
Consider a beam subjected to arbitrary loading,
d d 2 y M
2
dx dx
EI
D
xD
xC
D C
M
dx
EI
xD
xC
M
dx
EI
9 - 25
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Moment-Area Theorems
Tangents to the elastic curve at P and P intercept
a segment of length dt on the vertical through C.
dt x1d x1
tC D
xD
xC
M
dx
EI
M
x1
dx = tangential deviation of C
EI
with respect to D
9 - 26
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
with A 0,
D D A
yD t D A
Simply supported, symmetrically loaded
beam - select tangent at C as the reference.
with C 0,
B B C
yB t B C
9 - 27
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
9 - 28
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
9 - 29
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
3 2 EI
6 EI
9 - 30
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
4 EI
6 EI
wa 2
3L 2a
E
12 EI
Deflection at E:
yE t E C t D C
L
3a L
A1 a A2
A1
4
4 4
wa 3 L wa 2 L2 wa 4 wa 2 L2
4
EI
16
EI
8
EI
16
EI
wa 3
2L a
yE
8 EI
2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
9 - 31
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
tB A
L
x
L
x
tB A
L
x
yD ED EF t D A t B A
L
EF
9 - 32
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
Maximum Deflection
Maximum deflection occurs at point K
where the tangent is horizontal.
tB A
L
K 0 A K
K A A
Point K may be determined by measuring
an area under the (M/EI) diagram equal
to -A .
Obtain ymax by computing the first
moment with respect to the vertical axis
through A of the area between A and K.
9 - 33
Third
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS
9 - 34