Technical

Seminar On
GreenDroid
By
TechRulz.

Visit: Techrulz and Basictric

Introduction
The GreenDroid mobile application processor is a 45-nm
multicore research prototype that targets the Android
mobile-phone software stack.
It can execute general-purpose mobile programs with
11 times less energy than todays most energy-efficient
designs, at similar or better performance levels.

Working
It does this through the use of
a hundred or so automatically
generated, highly specialized,
energy-reducing cores, called
conservation cores.

Major technological
problem for
Microprocessor
Architects

Necessity
A key technological problem for microprocessor architects is the
utilization wall.
The utilization wall says that, with each process generation, the
percentage of transistors that a chip design can switch at full
frequency drops exponentially because of power constraints.
A direct consequence of this is Dark Silicon
Dark Siliconlarge swaths of a chips silicon area that must
remain mostly passive to stay within the chips power budget.

 Currently, only about 1

percent of a modest-sized
32-nm mobile chip can
switch at full frequency
within a 3-W power
budget.
With each process
generation, dark silicon
gets exponentially
cheaper, whereas the
power budget is
becoming exponentially

What is Power Budget ??

A power budget shows where all the possible power will
be used by a device to by breaking it down into
components and categories.
In some situations, you might be told up front that you
will have 3W available to run your design.
However, sometimes as designers start by calculating
the total power a system needs and then taking actions
such as replacing parts or redesigning circuits to cut
back power to an acceptable level.

The Utilization Wall

Classical scaling

Scaling theory

2
Device
count
S
Transistor and power budgets no longer balanced
Device frequency S
Exponentially increasing problem!
Device power (cap) 1/S
Expected utilization for fixed area
2
Device
power
(V
)
1/S
and power budget
dd
1.0
Utilization
1
0.9

Leakage limited
scaling

0.8
0.7
0.6

Device count
S2
Device frequency S
Device power (cap) 1/S
Device power (Vdd)
~1
Utilization
1/S2

0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0

90nm

65nm

45 nm

32nm

The Utilization Wall

Experimental results
Replicated small data path
More Dark Silicon than active

Observations in the wild

Flat frequency curve
Turbo Mode
Increasing cache/processor ratio

Spectrum of tradeoffs
between # cores and
frequency.

Utilization Wall: Dark Implications for

Multicore

2x4 cores @ 3 GHz

(8 cores dark)
(Industrys Choice)
.

e.g.; take
65 nm32 nm;
i.e. (s =2)

4 cores @ 3 GHz

4 cores @ 2x3 GHz

(12 cores dark)
65 nm

32 nm

Key Insights
The research leverages two key insights:
First, it makes sense to find architectural techniques that
trade this cheap resource, dark silicon, for the more
valuable resource, energy efficiency.
Second, specialized logic can attain 10X to 1,000X better
energy efficiency over general-purpose processors.

Approach
The approach is to fill a chips dark silicon area
with specialized cores to save energy on common
applications.
These cores are automatically generated from the
code base that the processor is intended to run
that is, the Android mobile-phone software stack.
The cores feature a focused re-configurability so
that they can remain useful even as the code
they target evolves.

Dark Silicon

The GreenDroid architecture

The GreenDroid architecture uses specialized, energyefficient processors, called conservation cores, or ccores to execute frequently used portions of the
application code.
Collectively, the c-cores span approximately 95 percent
of the execution time of teams test Android-based
workload.

The high-level architecture of a GreenDroid system

The system
comprises an array
of 16 non-identical
tiles.

Each tile holds

components common to
every tilethe CPU, onchip network (OCN), and
shared Level 1 (L1) data
cacheand provides
space for multiple
conservation cores (ccores) of various sizes

The c-cores are tightly

coupled to the host CPU
via the L1 data cache
and a specialized
interface

Conservation Cores
Hot code
Specialized cores for
reducing energy
Automatically generated from hot
regions of program source
Patching support future proofs HW

D cache

C-Core

Fully automated toolchain

Drop-in replacements for code
Hot code implemented by C-Core,
cold code runs on host CPU
HW generation/SW integration

Host
CPU
(general purpose)

Energy efficient
Up to 16x for targeted hot code

Cold code

I cache

Figure shows the projected energy

savings in GreenDroid and the origin
of these savings.
The savings come from two sources
First, c-cores dont require
instruction fetch, instruction
decode, a conventional register
file, or any of the associated
structures. Removing these
reduces energy consumption by 56
percent.
The second source of savings (35
% of energy) comes from the
specialization of the c-cores data
path.
The result is that average perinstruction energy drops from 91 pJ
per instruction to just 8 pJ per
instruction.

Conclusions
Over the next five to 10 years, the breakdown of
conventional silicon scaling and the resulting utilization wall
will exponentially increase the amount of dark silicon in
both desktop and mobile processors.
The GreenDroid prototype demonstrates that c-cores offer
a new technique to convert dark silicon into energy savings
and increased parallel execution under strict power
budgets.
The estimate that the prototype will reduce processor
energy consumption by 91 percent for the code that ccores target, and result in an overall savings of 7.4 X.
20

This the PPT of GreenDroid

Thanks For Downloading the PPT for Documentation of
Greendroid
Go to Techrulz.com.
Here you will find the Documentation Greendroid.
Click on the link for Documentation
http://www.techrulz.com/2015/02/greendroid-documentati
on-ppt-doc-free-download.html

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