FPGA and CADs

Presented by Peng Du & Xiaojun Bao

INRTODUCTION
The History of Programmable Logic

Virtex-II Platform FPGA

from Xilinx
Highest Density FPGAs in The
Industry
Up to XC2V8000 (8 million systems
gates, 104,832LCs)
Up to 1108 user I/Os in the most
advance package offering (FG1152,
and FG1517

FPGA Programming Technologies

SRAM Programming Technology

Anti-fuse Programming Technology

Erasable

Programming Technology

FPGA Architecture
All FPGAs are composed of three
fundamental components:
Logic blocks
I/O blocks
Programmable routing

A Generic FPGA
I/O block

Logic
block

Programmable
routing

FPGA Logic Block Architecture

The logic block used in an FPGA strongly
influences the FPGA speed and area-efficiency.
While many different logic blocks have been used
in FPGAs, most current commercial FPGAs use
logic blocks based on:

Look-up Table (LUTs)

Structure of LUT

Use Different Input LUTs to Implement

A Boolean Function

Number of Blocks and Block Area

800
Number of
Blocks

50

700

30

600
500

10
2

Number of inputs

Block
Area

Structure of Cluster-based Logic Block

FPGA Routing Architecture

Commercial FPGAs can be classified into the four
groups, based on their routing architecture.

Island Style FPGA

Row Based FPGA
Sea Gates FPGA
Hierarchical FPGA

The Four Classes of FPGA

An Island Based FPGA

Example channel segmentation distribution

SRAM Programming Technology

Advantages and Disadvantages

of SRAM Programming
The major advantage of this technology is
that FPGA can be reconfigured (in-circuit)
very quickly and can be produced using a
standard CMOS process technology.
The chip area required by SRAM approach
is relatively large.

Anti-fuse Programming Technology

An anti-fused normally presents a high-impedance
state but can be fused into a low-impedance state
when programmed by a high voltage. The anti-fuse
used in each of FPGAs from different company
differs in construction . But their function is the
same.

Actel anti-fuse PLICE

Quicklogic anti-fuse - ViaLink

Advantages and Disadvantages

of Anti-fuse Programming
Anti-fuses chip area are small and Antifuses have a significantly lower on
resistance and parasitic capacitance than
transistors, reducing RC delays in the
routing.
The major disadvantages of anti-fuses is that
their manufacture requires modifications to
the basic CMOS process.

Introduction
This technology is the same as that used in
EPROM and EEPROM memories.

EPROM programming Technology

Advantages and Disadvantages of

EPROM and EEPROM Programming
The major advantage of EPROM is that it
requires re-programmable but do not require
external storage. EEPROM can be reprogrammed in-circuit.
A disadvantage of EPROM is that the
resistor consumes static power. And
EEPROM requires more chip area and
multiple voltage sources.