COMPARISON OF 80286 AND 80386

PROCESSOR

Submitted To:

Mrs. Neha Bhullar

Submitted By:

Harmanpreet Singh(13105022)
Aniket Sirsikar(13105045)

LIMITATIONS OF 80186 THAT LEAD TO

80286

80186 is not very different from Intel 8086 and has just 7
new instructions.

The clock rate of Intel 80186 was only 6 Mhz.

The Intel 80186 didnt even has its own version of coprocessor and work with Intel 8087.

The amount of memory addressable by the 80186 is 1M

byte.

THE 80286 MICROPROCESSOR

A 16-bit
The
It

microprocessor introduced by Intel in 1982.

chip of 80286 contains 68 pins.

has 16 bit data bus and 24 bit address bus.

The

execution of the instructions is highly pipelined

and the processor is designed for Task switch operation

and Protected mode initialization.
Software

written for the 8088,8086 and 80186 will also

run on 80286.

The address bus is capable of addressing over 16 megabytes of

physical memory.

Virtual addressing pushing this over 1 gigabytes of storage.

80287 coprocessor is used.

The processor can operate in two modes:

In

the real mode physical address space is 1Mbytes and maximum

size of segment is 64KB.

In

the protected mode address space is 1gigabytes and maximum

size of segment is upto entire physical addressing space.

LIMITATIONS OF 80286 THAT LEAD TO 80386

80286 has only a 16 bit processor.

Maximum segment size of 80286 is 64 KB.

80286 cannot be easily switched between real mode and

protected mode because resetting was required.

The amount of memory addressable by the 80286 is 16M byte.

To increase the over all system performance.

THE 80386 MICROPROCESSOR

A 32-bit microprocessor introduced by Intel in 1985.

The chip of 80386 contains 132 pins.

It has total 129 instructions.

It has 32 bit data bus 32 bit address bus.

The execution of the instructions is highly pipelined and

the processor is designed to operate in a multiuser and
multitasking environment.

Software written for the 8088,8086,80186 and 80286

will also run on 386.

The address bus is capable of addressing over 4

gigabytes of physical memory.

Virtual addressing pushing this over 64 terabytes of

storage.

80387 coprocessor is used.

The processor can operate in two modes:

In

the real mode physical address space is 1Mbytes and

maximum size of segment is 64KB.

In

the protected mode address space is 4G bytes and

maximum size of segment is upto entire physical addressing

space.

REGISTER SET-80386

It included all eight general purpose registers plus

the four segment registers.

The general purpose registers were 16 bit wide in

earlier machines, but in 386 these registers can be
extended to 32 bit.

Their new names are EAX,EBX,ECX and so on.

Two additional 16 bit segment are included FS and

GS.

PENTIUM PROCESSOR ADDRESSING

MODES

Immediate ModeIn this type

of addressing, immediate data
is a part of instruction, and
appears in the form of
successive byte or bytes.
mov eax,567
mov ah, 09h
mov dx, offset Prompt

Register Addressing
mode:In register addressing
mode, the data is stored in a
register and it is referred using
the particular register. All the
registers, except IP, may be
used in this mode.
Example: MOV BX, AX.

Memory Addressing mode

Direct Addressing
mode:a 16-bit memory
address (offset) is directly
specified in the instruction as
a part of it.
Example: MOV AX, [5000H]
Indirect Addressing Modes
Register Indirect[ Base]
Based[Base+Displacement]
Indexed[(Index*Scale)
+Displacement]
Based Indexed

REAL ADDRESSING MODE

80286
As fast as 8086, upward
compatible.
The 80286 addresses only 1Mbytes
of physical memory using A0- A19.
The lines A20-A23 are not used by
the internal circuit of 80286 in this
mode.
In addressing the physical
memory, the 80286 uses BHE
along with A0- A19. The 20-bit
physical address is again formed in
the same way as that in 8086.
The contents of segment registers
are used as segment base
addresses. The other registers,
depending upon the addressing
mode, contain the offset addresses.

80386

80386 supports overall eleven

addressing modes to facilitate efficient
execution of higher level language
programs.
Can address at the most 1Mbytes of physical
memory using address lines A0-A19.

In case of all those modes, the 80386 can

now have 32-bit immediate or 32- bit
register operands or displacements.

The 80386 has a family of scaled modes.

In case of scaled modes, any of the index
register values can be multiplied by a
valid scale factor to obtain the
displacement

REAL ADDRESSING MODE

80286

The 80286 reserves two fixed

areas of physical memory for
system initialization and
interrupt vector table. In the
real mode the first 1Kbyte of
memory starting from
address 0000H to 003FFH is
reserved for interrupt vector
table.
0FFFFF0H is the starting
location after reset.
The 80286 initializes the
MSW register to FFF0H,

80386

After reset, the 80386 starts from memory

location FFFFFFF0H.
On the 80386, certain general registers may
contain different values after RESET than on
the 80286.
The interrupt vector table of 80386 has been
allocated 1Kbyte space starting from 00000H
to 003FFH.
The 80386 initializes the MSW register to
0000H.

PROTECTED MODE
80286

The concept of VM is implemented

using Physical memory that the
CPU can directly access and
secondary memory that is used as a
storage for data and program,
which are stored in secondary
memory initially.

The virtual memory is allotted per

task.
The 80286 is able to address 1 G
byte (230 bytes) of virtual memory
per task.
The complete virtual memory is
mapped on to the 16Mbyte physical
memory

The 80386 in80386

protected mode
support all the software written for
80286 and 8086 to be executed
under the control of memory
management and protection
abilities of 80386.
The protected mode allows the use
of additional instruction,
addressing modes and capabilities
of 80386.
In this mode, the contents of
segment registers are used as
selectors to address descriptors
which contain the segment limit,
base address and access rights byte
of the segment.
The effective address (offset) is
added with segment base address to
calculate linear address. This linear
address is further used as physical
address.

SUMMARY

THANK YOU