Modelling and Harmonic analysis of

domestic loads and harmonic mitigation

techniques in industrial distribution system

BY
D.SRIKANTH KUMAR (061722)
Under the esteemed guidance of

CONTENTS
* Introduction

* PSCAD/EMTDC Simulation of
Home appliances
Domestic system
Small industry
* Harmonic Mitigation techniques
* PSCAD/EMTDC Simulation
IEEE 13Bus Industrial distribution system
Harmonic analysis of CARTOSAT 2A ( ISRO Bangalore )

INTRODUCTION
Harmonics
The distortion on the power system voltages and currents can
be analyzed through the study of higher frequencies commonly referred
to as power system harmonics.

(500Hz)

Harmonic Analysis

Decomposition of distorted wave

Harmonic Distortion Indices

THD

M
h2

M1

I
h2

TDD

2
h

IL

100%

2
h

100%

V 69kV

Ml is the RMS value of the fundamental component

M2 to Mh are the RMS values of the
harmonic components of the quantity M

Bus
Voltage
at PCC

Individual
Voltage
Distortion (%)

THDV (%)

69 kV and
below

3.0

5.0

69.001 kV
- 161 kV

1.5

2.5

161.001
kV and
above

1.0

1.5

Isc / IL

TDD

20 <

5.0

20 50

8.0

50 100

12.0

100 1000

15.0

> 1000

20.0

69kV < V 161kV

20 <

2.5

20 50

4.0

50 100

6.0

100 1000

7.5

> 1000

10.0

V > 161kV
< 50

2.5

50

4.0

Harmonics mitigation techniques:

Passive filters
Active filters

Effect on THDs by parametric investigation:

Type of filter
Load position at different buses
Different loading conditions
Changing the source impedance X/R ratio
Changing the X/R ratio of transformer and feeder
Changing the Filter positions
Sensitive analysis
PFCC

Sources and effects of power system Harmonics

Sources

Arc furnaces, fluorescent lamps

Resistance welders
Magnetic cores, such as
transformer and rotating machines
Synchronous machines
Adjustable speed drives
Solid-state switches
Switched-mode power supplies
High-voltage dc transmission
stations
Photovoltaic invertors converting
dc to ac

Effects

Generator
Transformer and reactors
Capacitors
Cables
Series and parallel circuits
Motors
Converter stations
Ripple control systems
Switch gear
Protective relays
Power measurement
Power factor
Communication circuits
End user equipment

Different home appliances and its ratings

TV and Computer Monitors

FFT Analysis for Vs& Is

Simulated wave forms of Voltage and current

TV simulated in PSCAD

Practical Current wave form

PC

FFT Analysis for Vs& Is

Simulated wave forms of Voltage and current

PC simulated in PSCAD

Practical Current wave form

Battery Charger

Battery Charger simulated in PSCAD

FFT Analysis for Vs& Is

Simulated Voltage and Current wave forms

Fan With Electronic Regulators

FFT Analysis for Vs& Is

Simulated wave forms of Voltage and current

Washing Machine
FFT Analysis for Vs& Is

Simulated wave forms of Voltage and current

CLOTHS DRYER

FFT Analysis

Simulated wave forms

Air Conditioner

FFT Analysis for Vs& Is

Simulated wave forms of Voltage and current

Refrigerators And Freezers

FFT Analysis for Vs& Is

Simulated wave forms of Voltage and current

Water Lifting Pump

FFT Analysis

Simulated wave forms

Hot Water System

FFT Analysis

Simulated wave forms

Dish Washers

FFT Analysis

Simulated wave forms

Light Dimmers and Controllers of Heating Loads

FFT Analysis

Simulated wave forms

Tubes

Lighting in room

Fluorescent Lamps

CFLs

Lighting in room

FFT Analysis for Vs& Is

Tubes

CFLs

Simulated wave forms of Voltage and current

Practical Current wave form of Tube light

ELECTRIC OVEN

FFT Analysis

Simulated wave forms

THDI and THDV of different home appliances

s.no

Equipment name

Simulated IRms (A)

THDV (%)

THDI (%)

Television set

0.374

3.331

91.244

CPU & Monitor

0.597

3.001

99.7244

Battery Charger

3.068

3.286

45.5813

Fan with electronic regulator

0.401

0.3427

13.1788

Fluorescent tube

0.179

3.3435

36.165

CFL lamp

0.471

3.2236

69.6212

Lighting dimmer

3.506

3.372

27.693

Air conditioner

5.028

3.285

44.719

Refrigerator

4.4747

3.286

44.673

10

Washing machine

2.774

3.285

42.013

11

Cloths dryer

4.491

3.286

41.00

12

Dish washer

5.735

3.391

30.574

13

Water lifting pump

4.01

0.328

0.318

14

Hot water system

5.186

3.272

24.384

15

Electric oven

1.222

3.286

54.042

PSCAD/EMTDC Simulation of Single Home

FFT Analysis for Vs& Is

Simulated wave forms of Voltage and current

Conclusion: THDI & THDV Both are with in the limits so no

need of using filters

Domestic Loads simulation in PSCAD/EMTDC

Number of loads present in village1

CFL Compact fluorescent lamp
TV Television set
PC Personal computer
BC Battery charger
AC Air conditioner
RG Refrigerator
WM Washing machine
CD Cloths dryer
OV electric oven
HW Electric hot water system
WP Water lifting pump

Village1: 44 houses simulation sub page

Simulated wave forms of Voltage and current

FFT analysis for V and I

Conclusion: THDI & THDV Both are with in the limits so no

need of using filters for this village.

Small Industry Simulated in PSCAD/EMTDC

ASD speed control Logic circuit

ASD modeling in PSCAD

Arc welder

Controlling circuit for Arc welder

Lift Motor

Cyclo converter

Controlling circuit for Cyclo converter

FFT Analysis for V & I of small industry

Voltage and current wave forms of Industry

Conclusion: THDI & THDV Both are out of the limits so we need filters.

IEEE 13-bus industrial distribution system

Industrial system transformer data

Tests system description

The system is fed from a utility supply at 69 kV

Local generator operates at 13.8 kV
Operating at various voltage levels ranging from
69kV to 0.48 kV
A PFCC rated at 6000 kVar is connected at (PCC)
which is at bus 3.
Two adjustable speed drives at bus7 and bus 10

Industrial system feeder

From

To

Resistance ()

Inductance ( mH )

0.023268

0.13800

0.0265

0.18000

0.0143

0.03820

0.0299

0.07924

11

0.0208

0.05510

T. f.
name

Voltage
( kV )

MVA Rating

R(%)

X(%)

T1

13.8 \ 0.48

1.50

0.9593

5.6694

T2

69.0 \ 13.8

15.0

0.4698

7.9862

T3

13.8 \ 0.48

1.25

0.7398

4.4388

T4

13.8 \ 4.16

1.725

0.7442

5.9370

T5

13.8 \ 0.48

1.50

0.8743

5.6831

T6

13.8 \ 0.48

1.50

0.8363

5.4360

T7

13.8 \ 2.40

3.75

0.4568

5.4810

Test system simulated in PSCAD/EMTDC

Analysis of Harmonics with out filters at different Buses

Scale on X axis: Order of Harmonics

Voltage Wave forms with out Filters

Scale on X axis: Time (Sec)

Current Wave forms With out filters

Harmonic Mitigation

Double tuned filter

1. Passive Filter
2. Reactance One Port compensator

12 2 2 p 2

C2 C1
1
2

p
L1
1 2

3. Active filter

Single tuned filter

1
C1

Xc

kVar filter

1
2fX c
1

2f 2 hC

1
1 1 2 p
L2 2 2
s2
p C2 p C1
2
Vcap

p
1 f 1 2 p p 1 2

C1 f
2
2
2
2

1
2
f

1
2
p
s

Advantages:
Simple to design; Least expensive to implement
Insensitive to disturbance; Unlimited power ratings
Disadvantages:
System configuration
Resonance with system reactance

V

Q

Reactance one-port compensator

Bcn = - Bln

Advantage

Does not create any

resonance with the system
Disadvantage
Sensitive to the system configuration
and parameters variation

Filter configurations

Active Filters
Active power filter is to detect or extract the unwanted harmonic
components of a line current, and then to generate and inject a signal into the line in
such a way to produce partial or total cancellation of the unwanted components

1. Shunt Active Filter

2. Series Active Filter

Inject a compensating current

Connected in series with utility

into the utility system to cancels the

system to compensates distortion in the

harmonic currents

load voltage

FFT analysis of current after placing single tuned filters

Scale: Y axis = Current (A) ;

X axis = Order of Harmonics

FFT analysis of voltage after placing single tuned filters

Scale: Y axis = Voltage (V) ; X axis = Order of Harmonics

THDs at different buses with passive filters placed at different buses

Filter
position

Double Tuned filter

THDI

THDV

THDI

THDV

THDI

THDV

3.19023

0.52182

2.29774

0.38599

0.19251

0.11277

25.0979

4.70802

25.1902

4.22050

25.7845

2.87070

25.8568

0.525277

25.9575

0.37972

26.0669

0.11314

10

26.3068

5.6862

26.4080

5.19652

26.7372

3.35703

9.64139

1.74116

1.1620

0.36868

6.80886

1.01711

5.19901

3.14266

1.2600

2.68536

0.93137

0.57407

25.7230

1.74731

25.616

0.37204

25.7831

1.07712

10

26.1844

6.71284

26.025

5.44070

26.2401

6.13002

9.09604

1.64781

3.13349

1.12380

6.49529

0.64910

24.9911

5.53683

25.1992

3.95991

25.1284

4.74791

8.78511

1.64897

1.53617

1.13172

5.60791

0.65116

10

8.51581

3.87552

1.53434

3.99565

5.58466

4.01910

6.13553

1.07692

1.12103

0.253948

5.45765

0.33406

5.47527

2.84133

1.25786

2.72920

1.18869

0.86599

9.27131

1.07935

9.1404

0.254756

6.27693

0.34392

10

8.98465
Normal

3.65165

8.93143

4.59860

6.25104

4.15810

Monitor
Bus

10

THDs
7 & 10at different buses with shunt Active filters
Monitor Bus

Reactance one-port
Compensator

Single tuned Filter

With ShAF

With SeAF

THDI

THDV

THDI

THDV

THDI

THDV

13.7024

2.5704

0.0923

2.3828

1.5191

0.4324

24.8505

6.1663

15.554

17.9257

25.4247

3.8456

25.6294

2.5765

15.7201

2.3863

26.0676

0.7809

10

26.9910

7.2989

15.7841

17.1346

26.5899

4.7685

- THDI more than 20%

- THDV more
than 5%

THDV and THDI at different Buses with different Filters in Bar graphs

THDV at different Buses after placing STF at different Buses

Current wave forms at different buses after placing STF at different buses

Scale: Y axis = Current (A) ; X axis = Time (sec)

Current wave forms at different buses after placing STF at different buses

Scale: Y axis = Current (A) ; X axis = Time (sec)

Voltage wave forms at different buses after placing STF at different buses

Scale: Y axis = Voltage (V) ; X axis = Time (sec)

2:Load position at different buses

THDs at different buses for changing the load position

Conclusion: The bus at which ASD having only causes high distortions except
7th & 10th Buses.
Best Location: Two ASDs at either (7th & 12th) or (10th & 12th) Buses

3: Different Loading levels

DTF at Bus7, 30% decreasing load

DTF Bus7, 30% increasing load

DTF at Bus7 & 10, 30% decreasing load

DTF at Bus7 & 10, 30% increasing load

Effect of change of load levels on THDs with double tuned filter

F.
Pos.

Load
(%)

30%

7th

Rated

30%

30%

7th
&
10th

Rated

30%

THDI (%)
B.no.

L (H)

12.0976

0.09547

9.84678

0.02703

12

0.45093

0.01013

13

1.48803

0.00422

9.30589

0.0734

7.57445

0.0208

12

0.34688

0.0078

13

1.14464

0.0033

6.81412

0.05141

5.30211

0.01455

12

0.24281

0.00545

13

0.80124

0.00227

12.0976

0.09547

9.84678

0.02703

12

0.45093

0.01013

13

1.48803

0.00422

9.30589

0.0734

7.57445

0.0208

12

0.34688

0.0078

13

1.14464

0.0033

6.81412

0.05141

5.30211

0.01455

12

0.24281

0.00545

0.80124

0.00227

13 20%
- THDI more than

THDV (%)

Bus 3

Bus 7

Bus 10

Bus 3

Bus 7

Bus 10

1.0151

1.256

25.986

0.3383

2.757

5.450

1.0418

1.258

25.992

0.3399

2.769

5.460

1.0444

1.262

25.992

0.3373

2.781

5.485

1.0195

1.258

8.906

0.2432

2.7911

4.669

1.0484

1.0565

1.2587

1.2618

8.93959

8.997

0.2463

0.2437

2.8017

2.8138

4.6728

4.6943

- THDV more than 5%

Result: Because of attenuation in which by increasing the loads, the system impedance is increased thereby, decreasing
the THD of the system.

4: Changing the source impedance

Resistance and Inductance values at different X/R ratio of source impedance

13.8kV

69kV

X/R
Ratio

R ()

L (mH)

R ()

L (mH)

Normal

0.038600

3.62104

0.21450

15.200

0.5

1.018700

1.62031

4.27540

6.8045

0.804858

2.56194

3.38000

10.7589

0.504037

3.24062

2.13770

13.6090

0.276064

3.51495

1.15933

14.761

0.187126

3.57383

0.785835

15.008

0.141181

3.59515

0.592892

15.097

10

0.113259

3.60514

0.475632

15.1398

Effect of change of source impedance on THDs with out any Filters

3rd Bus

7th Bus

9th Bus

10th Bus

X/R
Ratio

THDI

THDV

THDI

THDV

THDI

THDV

THDI

THDV

Normal

13.7

2.5867

24.8464

6.1750

25.6276

2.592

26.0975

7.3093

0.5

4.36196

0.48781

28.0154

4.7392

25.9259

0.4992

26.3846

5.9310

6.27041

0.94573

24.9603

5.0483

25.8336

0.9519

26.2931

6.17013

11.6940

2.16197

24.7929

5.69753

25.7072

2.16839

26.1732

7.04254

19.9359

3.95442

24.4741

6.79522

25.5012

3.96056

25.9782

8.24867

24.2826

4.88591

24.2657

7.4568

25.4033

4.8922

25.8873

9.04136

26.7102

5.40159

24.1496

7.87622

25.3301

5.4784

25.8182

9.50904

10

28.1004

5.69603

24.0823

8.14645

25.2821

5.7022

25.7729

9.72447

- THDI more than 20%

- THDV more than 5%

Conclusion: As X/R Ratio increases THDV increases and THDI decreases.

Because phase angle of the source impedance is directly proportional
to the magnitude and phase of the load voltage,

Wave forms at different buses for different X/R ratios of source impedance

Scale: Y axis = Current (A) ; X axis = Time

Scale: Y axis = Voltage (V) ; X axis = Time

5: Changing the transformer and feeders X/R ratio

X/R
Ratio

Normal

THDI (%)
LP-LQ

R ()

L (mH)

0.23236

0.1474

0.0143

0.0382

0.0299

0.0793

11

0.0208

0.0551

0.0265

0.1795

0.0164

0.564

0.0059

0.0564

0.0123

0.1175

11

0.0086

0.0817

0.0197

0.1882

0.0102

0.1616

0.0037

0.0583

0.0076

0.1215

11

0.0053

0.0844

0.0122

0.1945

0.0073

0.1632

0.0026

0.0588

0.0055

0.1226

11

0.0038

0.0853

0.0088

0.1964

- THDI more than 20%

THDV (%)

Bus 3

Bus 7

Bus 10

Bus 3

Bus 7

Bus 10

13.702

24.8508

26.099

2.571

6.167

7.298

7.04056

22.0617

22.5844

1.3678

11.102

13.827

6.12382

19.5962

19.5813

1.27063

15.4762

19.03

6.06105

17.4688

17.1913

1.31106

19.3934

23.13

- THDV more than 5%

Conclusion: Due to the Harmonic phase angle scattering, as X/R Ratio increases THDV increases
and THDI decreases.

6: Changing the Filter positions

Filter
Position
Normal
3rd Bus
7th Bus
10th Bus
12th Bus
3rd & 7th
Buses
3rd & 10th
Buses
7th & 10th
Buses

Monitor Bus
THD

10

12

THDI

13.7024

24.8508

25.6294

26.0991

0.371044

THDV

2.57035

6.16629

2.57649

7.29888

2.57017

THDI

3.1902

25.0979

0.09909

26.3068

0.068711

THDV

0.52182

4.70802

0.525277

5.68620

0.521783

THDI

9.64432

5.19879

25.7225

26.1839

0.25086

THDV

1.74160

3.04057

1.74775

6.71293

1.74148

THDI

9.09681

24.9905

8.78483

8.51554

0.23635

THDV

1.64797

5.53757

1.65005

3.87556

1.64785

THDI

11.7834

24.9127

25.6814

26.1474

0.171306

THDV

2.12399

5.84500

2.13015

7.00249

1.203500

THDI

2.57075

5.98881

25.8584

26.308

0.054447

THDV

0.41384

2.59573

0.417323

5.64206

0.413813

THDI

2.43119

25.1031

9.88427

9.57798

0.050878

THDV

0.397745

4.63024

0.398916

3.32819

0.397716

THDI

6.13553

5.47527

9.27131

8.98465

0.152429

THDV

1.07692

2.84133

1.07935

3.65135

1.07685

- THDI more than 20%

- THDV more than 5%

Conclusion: The Best Location of filters are at 7th & 10th Buses.

7: Variation in L, C parameters of single tuned filter

Effect on THDs by variation in L, C parameters in STF

8: Effect of power factor correction capacitor (PFCC)

With Double Tuned filter
Filter position

Monitor Bus

With out any

Filter

10

7 & 10

- THDI more than 20%

With out PFCC

With PFCC

THDI

THDV

THDI

THDV

1.4380

0.40851

13.700

2.56994

24.905

4.96315

24.859

6.16569

25.663

0.41872

25.729

2.57607

10

26.20

6.06531

26.201

7.2988

0.774

0.2654

1.1620

0.36868

1.260

2.8759

1.2601

2.68536

25.547

0.2736

25.616

0.37204

10

25.953

5.4101

26.025

5.4407

0.966

0.2611

3.13349

1.1238

25.112

4.5106

25.1992

3.95991

1.5223

0.270415

1.53617

1.13172

10

1.5203

3.62566

1.53434

3.99565

0.9628

0.256342

1.12103

0.25395

1.2577

2.88263

1.25786

2.72920

9.1477

0.253714

9.1484

0.25476

10

9.0372

4.530755

8.93143

4.5986

- THDV more than 5%

Conclusion: Because of PFCC having resonance with system, Both THDI & THDV
values with out PFCC are less compared to with PFCC

Proposed method

Filter type

3rd Bus

7th Bus

9th Bus

10th Bus

THDI

THDV

THDI

THDV

THDI

THDV

THDI

THDV

Single tuned

0.02577

0.04897

6.02076

2.2366

8.8672

0.0504

8.5699

2.8752

Double tuned

0.02399

0.08453

1.0448

2.647

8.47067

0.0844

8.2729

4.3202

Filter position: Series active filter at PCC

Passive filter at 7th and 10th Buses
Type of Passive filter: Double Tuned filter

1. Effect on THDs with Different Loading Levels

Type of F

Normal

DTF

ShAF

SeAF

Proposed

3rd Bus

7th Bus

10th Bus

Load
(%)

THDI

30%

11.5581

2.4731

24.8969

6.1137

26.061

7.1781

Rated

13.7024

2.5704

24.8505

6.1663

26.9910

7.2989

30%

9.7036

2.3318

24.8855

6.040

26.0794

7.133

30%

1.0195

0.2432

1.258

2.7911

8.906

4.669

Rated

1.0484

0.2463

1.258

2.8017

8.9395

4.6728

30%

1.0565

0.2437

1.261

2.8138

8.997

4.6943

30%

0.0922

2.385

15.548

17.924

15.778

17.143

Rated

0.0923

2.3828

15.556

17.9298

15.7841

17.1347

30%

0.0921

2.3807

15.548

17.9357

15.778

17.1437

30%

1.4821

0.4318

25.4352

3.8195

26.5512

4.7578

Rated

1.5191

0.4324

25.4247

3.8456

26.5899

4.7685

30%

1.3949

0.4160

25.442

3.8419

26.5457

4.792

30%

0.8161

0.3640

1.218

2.2748

8.9179

3.8748

Rated

0.8426

0.3669

1.2208

2.2542

8.9838

3.8957

30%

0.6962

0.3301

1.2205

2.3005

8.8473

3.9197

THDV

THDI

THDV

THDI

THDV

2. Effect on THDs with Different Source Impedances

Type of
Filter
DTF

ShAF

SeAF

Proposed

3rd Bus

7th Bus

10th Bus

X/R
Ratio

THDI

THDV

THDI

THDV

THDI

THDV

Normal

1.1210

0.253948

1.2578

2.72920

8.9314

4.59860

1.1609

0.2228

1.2617

2.8023

9.0584

4.7755

1.1672

0.2687

1.2597

2.8406

8.9640

4.7076

1.1824

0.2878

1.2589

2.8357

8.9473

4.6778

Normal

0.0923

2.3828

15.556

17.9298

15.7841

17.135

0.1321

2.8641

14.4388

19.1503

14.6041

18.295

0.0953

2.5381

14.729

18.528

14.9387

17.907

0.0918

2.6794

14.9232

18.0453

15.143

17.389

Normal

1.5191

0.4323

25.4247

3.8456

26.5899

4.7685

1.4576

0.3542

25.5790

3.7767

25.7693

4.7126

1.3745

0.49684

25.5807

3.7287

26.2866

4.6977

1.3581

0.5103

25.5482

3.7468

26.413

4.6899

Normal

0.8426

0.3669

1.2208

2.2542

8.9838

3.8957

1.2165

0.3266

1.1847

2.4159

7.51686

4.0832

0.9357

0.3925

1.1977

2.3628

7.8957

3.8872

0.8169

0.3885

1.2038

2.3212

8.2138

3.8566

3. Effect on THDs with Different Feeder X/R Ratios

Type of
Filter

DTF

ShAF

SeAF

Proposed

3rd Bus

7th Bus

10th Bus

X/R
Ratio

THDI

THDV

THDI

THDV

THDI

THDV

Normal

1.1210

0.25394

1.2578

2.7292

8.9314

4.5986

1.3900

0.3780

1.2586

2.7359

8.9334

4.5647

1.1276

0.2568

1.2523

2.7261

8.9377

4.6057

1.2701

0.2569

1.2577

2.7336

8.9385

4.6056

Normal

0.0923

2.3828

15.556

17.929

15.784

17.135

0.0913

2.5608

15.171

18.500

15.392

17.761

0.0931

2.4345

15.519

18.018

15.745

17.254

0.0926

2.4376

15.521

18.054

15.741

17.266

Normal

1.5191

0.4323

25.424

3.8456

26.589

4.7685

1.7578

0.4762

25.420

3.8444

26.641

4.7538

1.6128

0.4421

25.412

3.8443

26.607

4.7915

1.6365

0.4442

25.411

3.8559

26.611

4.7957

Normal

0.8426

0.3669

1.2208

2.2542

8.9838

3.8957

0.9738

0.3924

1.2178

2.2106

9.0997

3.8540

0.9357

0.3912

1.2213

2.236

9.0861

3.8803

0.9548

0.3958

1.2211

2.2359

9.1127

3.8721

4. Effect on THDs with and without PFCC

Filter
position

With out any

Filter

7 & 10

ShAF

SeAF

Proposed

Monitor
Bus

With out PFCC

With PFCC

THDI

THDV

THDV

THDI

1.4380

0.4085

2.5699

13.700

24.905

4.9631

6.1656

24.859

10

26.20

6.0653

7.2988

26.201

0.9628

0.2563

0.2539

1.12103

1.2577

2.8826

2.7292

1.25786

10

9.0372

4.5307

4.5986

8.93143

0.0924

2.2515

2.3828

0.0923

15.5127

17.907

17.929

15.556

10

15.7236

17.080

17.134

15.7841

1.3977

0.3208

0.4324

1.5191

25.377

3.9181

3.8456

25.4247

10

26.5742

4.8748

4.7685

26.5899

0.5569

0.2266

0.3669

0.8426

1.2242

2.3103

2.2542

1.2208

10

8.9164

3.9755

3.8957

8.9838

Conclusion
Changing the load position effects distortions.

Best location of ASDs are 7th and 12th Buses.

Best location of filter is near to the Harmonic producing load.
Increase in the impedance XIR ratio will inhibit the harmonic reduction effect
THD is less when the load levels are increased.
Harmonic distortion levels are decreased with out PFCC
Filter sensitive analysis is studied.
Compared the results of DTF, ShAF, SeAF and Proposed methods fallowing investigations:
Different loading conditions
Different source impedance
Different feeder X/R ratios
With and Without PFCC

CARTOSAT-2A
690 kg of Cartosat-2A launched on April 28th 2008.
13th Indian Remote sensing (IRS) satellite series.
1 - Indian Mini Satellite (IMS) 83kg.
8 - nano satellites 50 kg.
It carries Panchromatic camera (PAN).
Placed in a 630km sun-synchronous polar orbit with
an inclination of 97.94 w.r.t equator.
It will have a revisit period of four days.
Applications:
Cartographic applications at cadastral level.
Urban & rural areas development and management.
Application in Land information systems (LIS).
Application in Geographical information systems
(GIS).

PSCAD/EMTDC simulation of CARTOSAT

Panel A sub page

CARTOSAT different units ratings

s.no.

Type of Unit

Numbers

Ratings

Fire fitting Pump

75HP; 1440rpm,
0.8p.f; 415V; 50Hz
100A;

Capacitor bank

2500kVar;
Each step 2.5% increment

4 numbers
Each 120kVA
270 480V
400 - 440V

UPS

Antenna

4 servo motors
600V;3ph;
2kHz PWM inverter
0.6A ~ 25A

TTC

PCs and
Lamp loads

AHU

5HP; 1490rpm,
0.8p.f; 415V; 50Hz
4A;

10HP; 1490rpm,
0.8p.f; 415V; 50Hz 8A;

100kW; 1490rpm,
0.8p.f; 415V; 50Hz 204A;

A/C plant

MAR

13 PCs;
35 CFLs
Each Ph 4PCs;
12 CFLs

MCR

22 PCs; 35 CFLs
Each Ph 7PCs;
12 CFLs

10

Logistic
Power complex
room

PCs and Lamp(2x55W) loads

with brightness control dimmer

PCs and Lamp(2x55W) loads

with brightness control dimmer
PCs,
Lamps and Fans

Monitored THDs at
CARTOSAT
THDI = 4.25%
THDV = 1.18%

Fire fitting room

AHU room

Capacitor Bank

A/C - Unit

MCR & MAR Unit

Logistic Unit

UPS simulation in PSCAD

FFT Analysis

Voltage and current Wave forms of UPS

Servo motor simulation in PSCAD

Pulses controlling circuit for PWM inverter

Voltage and current Wave forms of servo motor

FFT analysis for V & I values at after the transformer (11kV side)

Current and Voltage wave forms after the Transformer ( 11kV side)

FFT analysis for V & I values at before the transformer (415V side)

Current wave forms before the Transformer (415V side)

Monitored THDs at
CARTOSAT
THDI = 4.25%
THDV = 1.18%

CONCLUSIONS

Domestic loads are simulated by using PSCAD/EMTDC, Small scale industry loads are also simulated, and
then Harmonic analysis is performed on domestic and small scale industrial system to find out THD of voltage
and current

Harmonic analysis is performed for standard IEEE 13-Bus medium voltage industrial distribution system.
Harmonic mitigation is performed by using STF, DTF and ROF. Also, use of shunt and series active
filters to mitigating harmonics at all buses which are placed at PCC.
Sensitive analysis is performed to analyse the effect on harmonic distribution and filter performance
various load conditions, load position, type of filter we are using, change in filter positions, variation in system
or transformer and feeder X/R ratio, small changes in passive filter parameters and effect of power factor
correction capacitor.
Sensitive analysis is also performed on Active filter and in Proposed method.

All nonlinear and linear loads present in CARTOSAT distribution system of ISRO, Bangalore is simulated by
using PSCAD/EMTDC. Then harmonic analysis is performed on that system, obtained values matched with
practical values.

REFERENCES
[1] Implementation of Different Passive Filter Designs for Harmonic Mitigation; S.N. AL. Yousif, M. Z. C.
A. Mohamed; National Power & Energy Conference 2004 Proceedings.
[2] Reduction of Voltage and Current Distortions in Distribution Systems with Non Linear Loads using
Hybrid Passive Filters; E.F.El-Saadany; M.M.A. Salama; A.Y. Chikhani; IEE Proceedings-Generation,
Transmission and Distribution , Volume 145, No 3, May 1998.
[3] Implementation of Different Mitigation Techniques for Reducing Harmonic Distortions in Medium
Voltage Industrial Distribution System; T.K. Abdel-Galil, E.F. EI-saadany and M.M.A. Salama. 2001
IEEE
[4] Algorithm for the parameters of double tuned filter; Harmonics and Quality of Power, 1998.
Proceedings. Volume 1, PP. 154-157, 1998; Xiao Yao
[5] Harmonic Analysis for Industrial Power Systems Computation Techniques and Filtering. Ali Moshref
Shoaib Khan, St. Bruno.
[6] Understanding Power System Harmonics; IEEE Power Engineering Review, November 2001
W.Mack Grady, Surya Santoso.
[7] www.pscad.com
[8] PSCAD/EMTDC Manual, 2006
[9] Simulation of Harmonic Currents and Voltages Due to Power Electronic Equipments; Shahlan
b.Fadel
[10] IEEE Recommended Practice for Electric Power Distribution for Industrial Plants, IEEE
Std 141-1993 (Revision of IEEE Std 141-1986)
[11] IEEE Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power
Systems IEEE SM 519-1992, Published by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.,
345 East 47th Street, New York, NY l0017 USA. April 12, 1993.
[12] IEEE Working Group on Power System harmonics, Power System Harmonics: An Overview.
in IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus
and Systems, Volume PAS-102, No. 8, PP.2455-2459, August 1983.
[13] Influence of Voltage and Current Harmonics on Behavior of Electric Devices
Dr. Mike Mehrdad and Dr. E.K.Stanek and Dr. A.S. Jannati.
[14] Effectiveness of different filtering methodologies in Harmonic distortion mitigation El-Saadany, E.F.;
Electrical and Computer Engineering,2001,Canadian Conference, 13-16 May 2001 Volume
2, Page(s):1035 - 1040 vol.2.

THANK YOU