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(2.1)
(2.2)
Example:2.2
Figure 2.4a depicts a system of three linearly elastic springs
supporting three equal
weights W suspended in a vertical plane. Treating the springs as
finite elements, determine the vertical displacement of each
weight.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Example:2.3
Figure 2.5 depicts a system of three linear spring elements connected
as shown. The node and element numbers are as indicated. Node 1 is
fixed to prevent motion, and node 3 is given a specified displacement
as shown. Forces F2 = F and F4 = 2F are applied at nodes 2 and
4. Determine the displacement of each node and the force required
at node 3 for the specified conditions.
Boundar
y
conditio
ns???
Solve yourself
L,A,
Again
strain:
Interpolation(Shape) functions:
Spring/Bar/Truss Element
An elastic bar of length L is
affixed
a
uniaxial
coordinate system x having
origin at node 1. u(x) be
the axial displacement at
any position along
the
length
of
the
bar.
Continuous field variable
u(x) is to be expressed in
terms
of
two
nodal
variables u1 and u2 by
assuming
interpolation
function
N1(x) andN2(x)such
Nodal
displacements
that:
are:
ple:2.6 : Solve for the displacements and the reaction force at node 1 if
N/mm
k2 = 6 N/mm
k3 = 3 N/mm
F2 = 30 N
F3 = 0
F4 = 50 N
Solve yoursef:
For check
Example:2.7
P
(1)A1,E1,L1
A2,E2,L2
1
F1,F2,F3/U1,U2,U3
(2)
(3.1a)
(3.1b)
(3.2a)
(3.2b)
(3.3a)
(3.3b)
(3.4a)
(3.4b)
Element Transformation
Direction Cosines
U4
j(Xj,Yj)
U3
U2
U1
i(Xi,Yj)
X
EXAMPLE:3.2
Adjoining example illustrate
following Points:
Direct Assembly of Global
Stiffness Matrix
Boundary Conditions,
Constraint Forces
Element Strain and Stress
U
6
U4
U3
U5
U2
U
1
C.3D-Truss
Hutton
Example:3.3
3.3/3.4.Beam/Frame(Flexure
Elements)
Undeformed layer
(Neutral axis,
corresponding to y=0) is
at distance from
center of curvature o.
Again, shear
force, f =
fu Sh
nc a
ti pe
on
2D Beam or Flexure:
Considering the four boundary conditions and the onedimensional nature of the problem in terms of the independent
variable, we assume the displacement function in the form:
Substituting into
equation 4.17 :
e now relate the nodal and beam theory sign conventions for shear forc
d bending moments:
Example:4.1(Hutton)
Comparison
of
Equations 4.52 and
4.53 shows that:
Example:4.2,4.3(Hutton)
Truss
Example:4.4(Hutton)
3-Dimensional Beam
Element
ASSIGNMENT
END OF CHAPTER :3