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GOAL
z-Transform
LTI System
Linearity
Time-invariance
Impulse Response
Definition
Importance
z-Transform
Definition
x[n]z
Example
For
x[n] a nu[n],
X ( z ) ,{x[n]}
x[n]z
a u[n]z
(az 1 ) n
n 0
1
1 az 1
| z || a |
Note
1
0.8
Frequency Response
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2
-3
-2
-1
0
frequency
Definition
FIR
If the length of the impulse response is finite, the filter is an FIR (finite
impulse response) filter. Otherwise, the filter is an IIR (infinite impulse
response) filter.
IIR
Sometimes unstable
Nonzero pole exists in its transfer function
Lower filter order than a corresponding FIR filter
Usually have nonlinear phase property
Obtain desired
H (s )
,
j
H (e ) H c ( j ) | |
h[n] Td hc (nTd )
Td
if
,
H c ( j) 0 | | / Td
Windowing :
Commonly used
Bartlett, Hanning, Hamming,
hFIRwindows
[n] hIIR [:nrectangular,
]w[n]
Blackman, Kaiser,
However, windowing does not give the optimum solution and other
approaches can be used.
Problem Statements
Experiment Requirements
PC
Matlab software (with signal processing toolbox)
References
http://www.mathworks.com/access/helpdesk/help/toolbox/si
gnal/filterde.html