Hematologi 2

HEMOSTASIS
(Haima=darah,
stasis=berhenti)

Proses penghentian perdarahan

secara spontan dari pembuluh
darah yang mengalami
kerusakan (luka).
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HEMOSTASIS
Hemostasis adalah proses yang
dilakukan oleh tubuh untuk melindungi
diri dari proses pendarahan. Hemostasis
adalah mekanisme alami dari tubuh untuk
menghentikan kehilangan darah yang
berlebihan
is the process which retains the blood
within the vascular system. Hemostatic
process is designed to repair the break
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and arrest hemorrhage.

HEMOSTASIS :
The most immediate response to bleeding are
from:

1. Vascular
By Vasoconstriction mechanism, which
decreases the blood flow through the
injured blood vessel

HEMOSTASIS :
The most immediate response to bleeding are
from:

2. Platelets
Platelets clump together and adhere to the
injured vessel in this area in order to form a
plug, and further inhibit bleeding

HEMOSTASIS :
The most immediate response to bleeding are
from:
3. The Coagulation factors
By forming a fibrin meshwork or clot to stop
the bleeding completely

 Mekanisme Hemostasis

 Hemostasis is a process which causes

bleeding to stop, meaning to keep blood
within a damaged blood vessel (the
opposite of hemostasis is hemorrhage)
Hemostasis bertujuan untuk menjaga
agar darah tetap cair di dalam
pembuluh, menghentikan perdarahan,
mencegah kehilangan darah karena
luka, memperbaiki aliran darah selama
proses penyembuhan luka.
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 Vasoconstriction of a damaged blood

vessel slows the flow of blood and thus
helps to limit blood loss. This process is
mediated by:
1. Local controls. Vasoconstrictors such
as thromboxane are released at the
site of the injury.
2. Systemic control. Epinephrine
released by the adrenal glands
stimulates general vasoconstriction.

Formation of a Platelet Plug.

When a blood vessel is damaged, the blood is
exposed to collagen fibers. Platelets stick to
collagen and become activated. Activated platelets
release chemicals such as ADP, and thromboxane,
that cause the aggregation.
It is essential that platelets become activated only
at the site of a broken vessel. Otherwise activated
platelets would form plugs and induce clots in
inapropriate places. Healthy vessels secrete an
enzyme called prostacyclin that functions to inhibit
platelet activation and aggregation.

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Clotting of Blood
The blood contains about a dozen clotting
factors. These factors are proteins that exist in
the blood in an inactive state, but can be called
into action when tissues or blood vessels are
damaged. The activation of clotting factors
occurs in a sequential manner. The first factor in
the sequence activates the second factor, which
activates the third factor and so on. This series
of reactions is called the clotting cascade.
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Clotting of Blood
Blood clotting is the transformation of liquid blood
into a semisolid gel. Clots are made from fibers
(polymers) of a protein called fibrin. Fibrin monomers
come from an inactive precursor called fibrinogen.
This process requires thrombin, the enzyme that
converts fibrinogen to fibrin. This process also requires
calcium, which acts as a kind of glue to hold the fibrin
monomers to each other to form the polymeric fiber.
The fibrin fibers form a loose meshwork that is
stabilized by clotting factor XIII. The stabilized
meshwork of fibrin fibers traps erythrocytes, thus
forming a clot that stops the flow of blood.
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