CHAPTER 1

DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS

1.1 Know the basics of statistics.

1.2 Understand frequency distribution.
1.3 Compute Measures of Central Tendency.
1.4 Understand cumulative frequency distribution.
1.5 Compute Measures of Dispersion for Sample.

LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of this lesson, students should be able to:

1.5.1

Calculate mean deviation.

1.5.2 Calculate variance.

1.5.3 Calculate standard deviation.

1.5 Compute Measures of Dispersion for Sample.

Measures of dispersion are the measures of

the degree of dispersion to determine how far
the values of data in a set of data scatter or spread out
from its average value.
Its provide information about the distribution and
the differences between observations in the set of data.

There are a few types of measures of dispersion:

Mean Deviation
Variance
Standard deviation

1.5.1

Calculate mean deviation.

Average of absolute differences

(differences expressed without plus or minus sign)
between each value in a set of values,
and the average of all values of that set.

1.5.2

Calculate variance.

Is a measure of how far a set of numbers is

spread out which is how far the numbers lie
from the mean (expected value).

1.5.3

Calculate standard deviation.

Shows how much variation or dispersion exists

from the average (mean).
It is the square root of its variance.

EXAMPLE 1

Find the mean deviation, variance and standard deviation

for the following data.
a)

5, 9, 10, 11, 11, 12, 15, 18, 20, 22

b) 11.2, 11.9, 12.0, 12.8, 13.4, 14.3

SOLUTION 1

a)

5, 9, 10, 11, 11, 12, 15, 18, 20, 22

Mean,

Mean deviation

4.36

SOLUTION 1
a)

5, 9, 10, 11, 11, 12, 15, 18, 20, 22

Variance,

28.45556

Standard deviation,

SOLUTION 1

b) 11.2, 11.9, 12.0, 12.8, 13.4, 14.3

Mean,

Mean deviation

Variance,

Standard deviation,

EXAMPLE 2
Find the mean deviation, variance and standard deviation
for the frequency distribution of the data represent
the number of miles that 20 runners run during one week.
Number of miles (m)

Number of runners

5.5 10.5

10.5 15.5

15.5 20.5

20.5 25.5

25.5 30.5

30.5 35.5

35.5 40.5

SOLUTION 2
Number of miles (m)

Number of

Midpoint, x

f.x

runners, f
5.5 10.5

10.5 15.5

13

26

15.5 20.5

18

54

20.5 25.5

23

115

25.5 30.5

28

112

30.5 35.5

33

99

35.5 40.5

38

76

f = 20

f . x = 490

SOLUTION 2

Mean,

SOLUTION 2
f

16.5

16.5

13

11.5

23.0

18

6.5

19.5

23

1.5

7.5

28

3.5

14.0

33

8.5

25.5

38

13.5

27.0

f = 20

f = 133

SOLUTION 2

Mean deviation

SOLUTION 2
f

16.5

272.25

272.25

13

11.5

132.25

264.50

18

6.5

42.25

126.75

23

1.5

2.25

11.25

28

3.5

12.25

49.00

33

8.5

72.25

216.75

38

13.5

182.25

364.50

f = 20

f = 1305.00

SOLUTION 2

Variance,

EXAMPLE 3
For 108 randomly selected college students, this exam score
frequency distribution was obtained.
Find the mean deviation, variance and standard deviation.
Score

Number of students

90 98

99 107

22

108 116

43

117 125

28

126 - 134

SOLUTION 3
Score

Number of

Midpoint, x

f.x

90 98

students, f
6

94

564

99 107

22

103

2266

108 116

43

112

4816

117 125

28

121

3388

126 - 134

130

1170

f = 108

f . x = 12204

SOLUTION 3

Mean,

SOLUTION 3
f

94

19

114

22

103

10

220

43

112

43

28

121

224

130

17

153

f = 108

f = 754

SOLUTION 3

Mean deviation

SOLUTION 3
f

94

19

361

2166

22

103

10

100

2200

43

112

43

28

121

64

1792

130

17

289

2601

f = 108

f = 8802

SOLUTION 3

Variance,

EXAMPLE 4
Find the mean deviation, variance and standard deviation
for the frequency distribution of the data represent
the number of murders in 25 selected cities.
Number of murders

Number of cities

34 96

13

97 159

160 222

223 285

286 348

349 411

412 - 474

475 537

538 600

SOLUTION 4
Number of murders

Number of cities,f

Midpoint, x

f.x

34 96

13

65

845

97 159

128

256

160 222

191

223 285

254

1270

286 348

317

317

349 411

380

380

412 - 474

443

475 537

506

506

538 600

569

1138

f = 25

f . x = 4712

SOLUTION 4

Mean,

SOLUTION 4
f

13

65

123.48

1605.24

128

60.48

120.96

191

2.52

254

65.52

327.60

317

128.52

128.52

380

191.52

191.52

443

254.52

506

317.52

317.52

569

380.52

761.04

f = 25

f = 3452.40

SOLUTION 4

Mean deviation

SOLUTION 4
f

13

65

123.48

15247.31

198215

128

60.48

3657.83

7315.661

191

2.52

6.3504

254

65.52

4292.87

21464.35

317

128.52

16517.39

16517.39

1
1

380
380

191.52
191.52

36679.91
36679.91

36679.91
36679.91

0
0

443
443

254.52
254.52

64780.43
64780.43

00

506

317.52

100819.00

100819

569

380.52

144795.50

289590.90

f = 25

f = 670602.20

SOLUTION 4

Variance,

= 167.1579

THANK YOU