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ND Year 2 Level 3 PLCs

Lesson 2

Unit aim
This unit will give learners an
understand of the use and
applications of programmable logic
controllers (PLCs).
The software and hardware that
makes up a PLC and the interaction
needed between the component
parts.

Unit Learning outcomes


LO.1 Understand the selection,
hardware and software requirements
of a PLC.

References for your


research
Programmable Logic controllers fifth
edition by W. Bolton.
LRC
Internet.
Data sheets

Todays learning outcomes


Describe, using a block diagram, the
internal architecture of a typical PLC.
Identify the main parts of a PLC by
dismantling and reassembling a PLC.
State precautions required to prevent
damage to PCB from static.
State the purpose of buses within
PLC construction.

The PLC System

The PLC System


The CPU central processing unit contains the
microprocessor. The unit interprets the input signals
and carries out the control actions according to the
program stored in its memory.
Power supply unit is needed to convert the main
AC voltage to the low DC voltage (5v) necessary for
the processor and the circuits in the input and
output interface modules.
Memory unit is where the program containing the
control actions to be exercised by the
microprocessor is stored and where the data is
stored from the input for processing for the output.

The PLC System


Input and output sections are
where the processor receives
information from external devices
and communicates information to
external devices.
Communications interface is used
to receive and transmit data on
communication networks from or to
other remote PLCs.

Central Processing unit CPU

Central Processing unit CPU


The CPU controls and processes all the
operations within the PLC.
It is supplied with a clock that has a frequency
between 1 and 8 MHz.
This frequency determines the operating
speed of the PLC and provides the timing and
synchronization for all elements in the system.
Memory, termed registers, located within the
microprocessor are used to store information
involved in program execution.

Question: What are the Buses for


within the PLC?

Buses
The information within the PLC is
carried by means of digital signals,
these internal paths along which
digital signals flow are called Buses.
In a physical sense, a bus is just a
number of conductors along which
electrical signals can flow.

Question: What physical form will a


bus be constructed.
Ribbon cable.
Tracks on a printed circuit board.

Bus diagram

Buses
The information is transmitted in binary form.
The data bus carries the data used in the processing
done by the CPU.
The address bus is used to carry the addresses of
memory locations.
The control bus carries the signals used by the CPU
for control, such as to inform memory devices
whether they are to receive data from an input or
output data.
The system bus is used for communications between
the input/output ports and input/output units.

Hardware design
The hardware design for a programmable
logic controller is such that it is able to
withstand typical industrial
environments such as?
1. Signal levels
2. Heat
3. Humidity
4. Fluctuations in current supply
5. Mechanical impact

What does this warning sign mean?

Anti static precautions

How can we avoid static?

Group exercise
Identify the components of the TSX
Micro PLC.
Strip down PLC and attach
identification cards next to what you
think is the component.
Do not be heavy handed with this
electronic equipment.

Todays learning outcomes


Describe, using a block diagram, the
internal architecture of a typical PLC.
Identify the main parts of a PLC by
dismantling and reassembling a PLC.
State precautions required to prevent
damage to PCB from static.
State the purpose of buses within
PLC construction.

Visit
Sutton seeds Visit.
VRQ/ND Elc Year 2 Tuesday 7th
October 1500.
NED Year 1 Monday 13th October
1300.
ND Mec year 2 Wednesday 15th
October 1500.

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