Boundless Lecture Slides: Available On The Boundless Teaching Platform

Boundless Lecture Slides
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Polymers > Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrate Molecules
www.boundless.com/chemistry?campaign_content=book_187_section_169&campaign_term=Chemistry&utm_campaign=powerpoint&utm_medium=
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Polymers > Carbohydrates
Carbohydrate Molecules
Monosaccharides are simple sugars made up of three to seven carbons, and
they can exist as a linear chain or as ring-shaped molecules.
Glucose, galactose, and fructose are monosaccharide isomers, which means
they all have the same chemical formula but differ structurally and chemically.
Disaccharides form when two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration reaction
(a condensation reaction); they are held together by a covalent bond.
Sucrose (table sugar) is the most common disaccharide, which is composed of
the monomers glucose and fructose.
A polysaccharide is a long chain of monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds;
the chain may be branched or unbranched and can contain many types of
monosaccharides.
Monosaccharides
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Appendix
Polymers
Key terms
biopolymer Any macromolecule of a living organism that is formed from the polymerization of smaller entities; a polymer that
occurs in a living organism or results from life.
dehydration reaction A chemical reaction in which two molecules are covalently linked in a reaction that generates H2O as a
second product.
isomer Any of two or more compounds with the same molecular formula but with different structure.
Polymers
Disaccharides
Sucrose is formed when a monomer of glucose and a monomer of fructose are joined in a dehydration reaction to form a glycosidic bond. In the
process, a water molecule is lost. By convention, the carbon atoms in a monosaccharide are numbered from the terminal carbon closest to the carbonyl
group. In sucrose, a glycosidic linkage is formed between carbon 1 in glucose and carbon 2 in fructose.
Connexions. "Print." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m44400/latest/Figure_03_02_04.jpg View on Boundless.com
Polymers
Monosaccharides
Monosaccharides are classified based on the position of their carbonyl group and the number of carbons in the backbone. Aldoses have a carbonyl
group (indicated in green) at the end of the carbon chain, and ketoses have a carbonyl group in the middle of the carbon chain. Trioses, pentoses, and
hexoses have three, five, and six carbon backbones, respectively.
Polymers
Polysaccharides
In cellulose, glucose monomers are linked in unbranched chains by 1-4 glycosidic linkages. Because of the way the glucose subunits are joined, every
glucose monomer is flipped relative to the next one resulting in a linear, fibrous structure.
Polymers
Which of the following describe disaccharides?

A) Lactose, maltose, and sucrose are the result of bonded
monosaccharides after a dehydration reaction.
B) Glucose, galactose, and fructose are isomers with more than one
asymmetric carbon.
C) They are a long chain of monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds.
D) Cellulose is the result of two monosaccharides that have undergone a
condensation reaction.
Polymers
Which of the following describe disaccharides?

A) Lactose, maltose, and sucrose are the result of bonded
monosaccharides after a dehydration reaction.
B) Glucose, galactose, and fructose are isomers with more than one
asymmetric carbon.
C) They are a long chain of monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds.
D) Cellulose is the result of two monosaccharides that have undergone a
condensation reaction.
Boundless - LO. "Boundless." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://www.boundless.com/
Polymers
Attribution
Connexions. "Carbohydrates." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m44400/latest/?collection=col11448/latest
Wiktionary. "biopolymer." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/biopolymer
Wiktionary. "dehydration reaction." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/dehydration+reaction
Wiktionary. "isomer." CC BY-SA 3.0 http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/isomer

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Polymers > Carbohydrates

Polymers > Carbohydrates

Which of the following describe disaccharides?

Which of the following describe disaccharides?

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