Module 1

The Scope of Geology

RUANG LINGKUP GEOLOGI

Pengertian dan cara belajar geologi

Ilmu-ilmu terkait dengan geologi
Sistem dalam geologi
Mengapa belajar geologi?

Pengertian dan cara belajar geologi

Geology is the study of the Earth as a whole, its origin,
structure, composition, and history (including the
development of life), and the nature of the processes
which have given rise to its present state.

Whitten, DGA and Brooks, JRV. 1977. The Penguin Dictionary of

Geology. Middlesex: Penguin Books. p. 204.

Pertanyaan:
Cari definisi lain dari buku-buku geologi
berbahasa Inggris di Perpustakaan Pusat.

Pengertian dan cara belajar geologi

Mengikuti pendidikan kebumian
Lokatama untuk belajar geologi:
Perpustakaan termasuk internet
Laboratorium (studio) dan museum geologi
Lapangan
Sebagaimana pembelajaran ilmu alam yang lain,
dalam menghadapi bahan atau fenomena geologi
perlu dilakukan:
Observasi (pengamatan),
Analisis, dan
Sintesis

Pengertian dan cara belajar geologi

Perhatikan
Belum dikatakan belajar geologi sebelum ke
perpustakaan, laboratorium, dan lapangan
(survei)!
Apakah FTM UPN Veteran Yogyakarta
memfasilitasi pembelajaran di 3 (tiga) lokatama
termasuk museum tersebut di atas?

Corresponding science to geology

TECHNOLOGY

APPLIED
SCIENCES

EARTH
SCIENCES

MINING
ENGINEERING
PETROLEUM
ENGINEERING
MINING
GEOLOGY

GEOTHERMAL
ENGINEERING

AGRICULTURE

CIVIL
ENGINEERING

TOURISM

ETC.

GEOTHERMAL GEOARKEOLOGY
GEOLOGY
ETC.
PETROLEUM ENGINEERING
ENVIRONMENTAL
GEOLOGY
GEOLOGY PLANOLOGY
GEOLOGY
METEOROLOGY

GEOLOGY

BIOLOGY

HIDROLOGY

BASIC
SCIENCES

PHYSICS

STATISTICS
MATHEMATICS

CHEMISTRY

Corresponding science to geology

GEOPHYSICS

GEOLOGY

PHYSICS

GEOCHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY

GEOSTATISTICS

STATISTICS

HIDROGEOLOGY
PALEONTOLOGY

HIDROLOGY

GEOWISATA

BIOLOGY
PARIWISATA

GEOARKEOLOGI

ARKEOLOGI
ETC.

Pertanyaan:
Mengapa muncul ilmu-ilmu antara?

The
branches of geology
Cabang-cabang
geologi
GEOLOGY
PALEONTOLOGY

MINERALOGY

STRATIGRAPHY

GEOMORFOLOGY

STRUCTURAL
GEOLOGY

PETROLOGY

TEKTONICS
VOLKANOLOGY

HISTORICAL
GEOLOGY

SPELEOLOGY

LIMNOLOGY SEDIMENTOLOGY

ETC.

Pertanyaan:
Mengapa banyak cabang-cabang geologi?

GEOSPHERE

Initially, it was an homogenous material

GEOSPHERE
ATMOSPHERE

BIOSPHERE
HYDROSPHERE

Diversifications

SOLID EARTH
(CMC-SPHERE)

GEOSPHERE
Dynamic equilibrium

ATMOSPHERE

BIOSPHERE

HIDROSPHERE

SOLID EARTH
(CMC-SPHERE)

Why study geology?

Because geology is all around us!
1. Geological Resources
2. The Environment
Environmental
3. Geological Hazards
Geology
(Changes posing risks)
4. Engineering
5. Landforms and Surface Processes
6. Historical Geology
Geology forms the basis of our great civilizations

Why study geology?

1. Geological Resources
The Cradle of
Civilization (Fertile
Crescent)
Development limited by
availability, e.g., soil,
water, energy
Conflicts based on
resources, e.g., water,
minerals, oil

http://encarta.msn.com/

Why study geology?

1. Geological Resources
The Cradle of Civilization sprung from geology of the region

Tigris River, Iraq

http://encarta.msn.com/

Why study geology?

2. The Environment
Misuse of geologic resources

These Maps illustrate the

Fertile Crescent in 1973 (top)
and 2000 (bottom).
Permanent marshlands,
pictured in green, have shrunk
90 percent in that period.

Illustration courtesy United Nations

Environment Program

Why study geology?

2. The Environment (misuse of Geologic Resources)
desiccation of the Aral Sea, Kazakhstan

http://www.grida.no/aral/aralsea/english/arsea/arsea.htm

Why study geology?

2. The Environment (overuse of Geologic Resources)
(Geology in the News)

1.7 billion are joining the consumer class and the

environment wont sustain this standard of living
(World watch Institute 2004)

Emissions of Greenhouse gasses is accelerating

global warming
Climate change is accelerating melting of glaciers
and driving mass extinctions
(The Centre of Biodiversity and Conservation, Leeds University, UK)

Why study geology?

3. Geologic Hazard

Two die in 6.5

magnitude
Earthquake near San
Lois Obispo
California
Earthquake triggers
mudslides

http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2003

(San Andreas Fault)

Assessing Risks
Avoiding Risks
Preventing Damage
Predicting Impact

Major Quake Likely to

Strike San Francisco
Bay Region Between
2003 and 2032

http://quake.wr.usgs.gov/research/seismology/wg02/

Why study geology?

3. Geologic Hazards
(Geology in the News)

Why study geology?

3. Geologic Hazards
(Earthquake in Bam Bam, Iran)

A Magnitude 6.5
Earthquake hits a
stone- and mud-house
city of 100,000 in Iran
12-26-03
30,000 Dead
30,000 Refugees
US sends aid and
releases sanctions
Relations improved

Photos from AP

Why study geology?

3. Geologic Hazards (Geology in the News)
Volcanoes
Mass Movement

Earthquakes

Why study geology?

4. Geology in Engineering
Slope Failure Risk Assessment and Control

To prevent slope failure engineers must understand

the geology that forms and controls the slope

Why study geology?

4. Geology in Engineering
The Leaning Tower Straightens Up
In Pisa the tilted one is back in
business after an 11-year effort
to keep it from collapsing
Committee member John
Burland, an engineer,
promoted soil extraction as the
best way to save the tower.

Engineers use knowledge of

geology to design, protect
and correct structures

www.smithsonianmag.si.edu

Why study geology?

5. Landforms and Surface Processes
H.C. Berann (1915-1999)
Yosemite National Park, 1987

http://www.berann.com

Glaciers
Mass Wasting
Streams
Shorelines
Deserts
Groundwater

Why study geology?

6. Historical Geology

Sub Disciplines
Areas of Study Which Rely on Geology

Environmental Geology
Environmental Sciences: how we
influence the earth
Geologic Hazards: how geology
influences us

Engineering Geology
Geologic Materials
Foundations
Geotechnical engineering

Sub Disciplines (cont.)

Areas of Study Which Rely on Geology

Geological Resources
Locating and characterizing amounts and
quality
Extracting and
Understanding environmental effects of
extraction and use (misuse, overuse) of
resources

Historical Geology
Deciphering Earth History and
Evolution of life

Dengan demikian geologi digunakan dimana saja?

I WONDER
There are many diversifications in the
world, but they have been being
maintained in a single magnificent
system and under dynamic equilibrium.
Bambang Prastistho