Oil and Gas

Well Control Equipment

Chintan Trivedi
4th Sem,Mech. Engg.

Oil & Gas

Exploration and Production

Exploration - Finding Oil & Gas.

Oil & Gas fields are identified using seismic data which is obtained
from seismic surveys and its interpretation using computer
modeling.
To confirm the interpretations of the seismic data, Drilling is done
which is also called as exploratory drilling.
Based on well testing data & reserves estimates, if commercially
viable, field development plans are made.
Includes development well drilling & completion.
Oil and Gas production, processing & transportation.
Work Over (Sick well repair jobs) rig deployment to maintain
production.
Dry or unsafe well Abandonment.

Well Control
Balancing

or preventing Formation
Fluid entering into the well bore by
controlling mud hydrostatic pressure.
Primary well control can be achieved
using well control equipment.

Types of Well control

Hydrostatic Pressure - It is the pressure exerted by a static

column of fluid by virtue of its density.
Primary well control - The maintenance of sufficient hydrostatic
head exerted by drilling fluid to hold back the formation fluid
pressure is termed as Primary Well Control.
Secondary well control - It involves detection & safe handling of
kicks so as to re-establish primary well control.
Tertiary well control - It involves the techniques used to control a
blow-out once the primary & Secondary Controls are lost.This
primarily involves a re-establishment of the secondary control
system & subsequently establishing the Primary Control.

Kick & Blowout

Kick

Influx or flow of formation fluid into the well bore.

Occurs if formation pressure is greater than Bottom
Hole Pressure exerted in the well bore.

Blowout

Uncontrolled flow of formation fluid at the surface

or subsurface.
A result of uncontrolled kick.
Can lead to oil well fire,loss of human life,Rig
equipment , environmental damage & disaster if not
controlled professionally by blowout control
experts.

Use of Well Control Equipment

Primary function

Confines well fluid to the well bore.

Provides means to add well killing fluid to the well

bore.

Allows controlled volumes to be withdrawn.

Provides means to hang off drill string & shearing

of drill pipe if required.

Types of Well Control Equipment

Well control equipment used at Drilling / WOR rigs are

Blow Out Preventer

BOP Control Unit

Choke Manifold & Kill Manifold

FOSV (Full Opening Safety Valve)

Inside BOP

HCR Valve (Hydraulically controlled valve) & Manual

Gate Valve

RISER
NIPPLE

TO SHALE
SHAKER

ANNULAR
BOP

KILL MANIFOLD ASSY

CHOKE MANIFOLD
BLIND RAM

DOUBLE
RAM BOP

PIPE RAM

WASTE
PIT LINE

HCR Valve & Manual Gate Valve

CHANGE
OVER
SPOOL
CSG.BOWL

CASING

CELLER PIT

To
DEGASER

Blow Out Preventer

When primary well control is lost, it becomes necessary to

close the well safely by some means in order to prevent blowout.

The equipment designed to seal the well bore is called Blow Out
Preventer.

Types of BOP

Ram type BOP

Annular BOP

Ram Type Preventer

Ram type preventers seal the annulus by forcing two

front packing elements around pipe in the well.

Ram type preventer can only seal the corresponding

size of pipe in the well.

Variable rams can be used for different size of pipe.

Ram Type Preventer

Ram Block
Ram Shaft
Piston
Locking Screw

Ram Change Pist

Annular Preventer

Can be closed on drill pipe, drill collar, casing pipe,

square & hexagonal kelly, tapered pipe, tool joint,
logging tool, wire line & open hole.

Annular preventer should be closed on open hole in

case of emergency only.

Annular preventer can be used for stripping operation

Annular Preventer
Upper Housing
Sealing Element
Adaptor Ring
Sealing Ring

Piston
Lower Housing

BOP Accumulator Unit

BOP control unit is a high pressure hydraulic unit used to close

/ open BOP during drilling & work over operations.

It provides sufficient operating fluid for BOP stack.

It includes accumulators, reservoir, piping, electric motor & air

driven pumps and manifolds to reduce closing time of BOP
functions.

High Pr. Fluid in accumulator bottles enables BOPs to be

closed in the event of power failure.

BOP CONTROL UNIT

BOP control unit consists of

Accumulator bottles for storing pressurized fluid.

Hydraulic control fluid and its reservoir tank.

Charging system to pump hydraulic fluid into accumulator

bottles.

Pressure regulating valves and an operating manifold to

operate the BOPs , choke and kill valves.

Remote control panels for operating BOPs , choke and kill

valves from remote locations.

SURFACE BOP CONTROL UNIT

Accumulator
Bottles

Guages
Annular
Regulator

Hi/Lo Bypass
valve

4 way Valves
Manifold
Regulator

Electri
c
Starter

Hydro-Electric
Pressure switch

Electric Pump

Pneumatic (Air)
Pump

HydroPneumatic
Pressure switch

Remote panel for BOP

Accumulator unit

MANIFOLD

RESERVOIR

Choke Manifold

Choke manifold is an arrangement of valves, lines and chokes to

control the flow of fluids from the annulus during the well killing /
well control process.

The chokes are used to create back pressure in kick control circuit
while killing the well to maintain Bottom Hole pressure(BHP).

Kill Manifold

Kill manifold is an arrangement of gate valves, lines and check valve.

Kill line provides a means of pumping into the well bore when the normal
method of circulating down through the kelly or drill pipe can not be
employed.

Manual Adjustable Choke

This type of choke creates a back

pressure with a stem and beveled
mechanism. Fluid is allowed to
flow through the seat or orifice.
Back pressure control is attained by
the degree to which the stem is
forced into the beveled seat or
extracted from it.

Mud Gas Separator

A mud/gas separator is an
essential equipment used on
the rig for removing high
percentage of gas from the
mud, which is coming out
from downstream of the choke
during gas kick.

FOSV/Kelly Cock

Advantages

Easier to install

Wire line tools can be

lowered through it

Disadvantages

BODY

UPPER SEAT
CRANK
BALL

Cannot be used alone

for stripping

LOWER SEAT

Inside BOP

Advantages

Release Rod
Rod lock Screw

Can be used for stripping.

Release Tool

Can circulate through tool.

Upper Sub

No back flow through tool.

Disadvantages

Dart Seat
Dart ORing

Not easier to install.

Wire line tools cannot be
lowered through it.

Spring
Lower Sub

HCR Valve

Gate Valve

In gate valve a blank plate is positioned across the

flow path to halt fluid flow. When the valve is
opened, the plate containing an orifice is positioned
across the flow path to allow fluid movement
through the orifice.

Gate Valve