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LEHNINGER
PRINCIPLES OF BIOCHEMISTRY
Fifth Edition
CHAPTER 20
Bioenergetics
1.
2.
3.
Catabolic(oxidative)pathwayanabolic(reductive)pathway:usechemical
energyintheformofATPandNADHorNADPHtosynthesizecellular
componentsfromsimpleprecursormolecules
Incontrasttoanimal(requirethreecarbons),plantsandphotosyntheticbacteriacan
synthesizecarbohydratefromCO2andH2O,reducingCO2attheexpenseofATP
andNADPHthataregeneratedbythelightdependentreaction.
CO2assimilation,CO2fixation:CO23phophoglyceratebyCalvincycle
4.Keyenzymesare
regulatedby1)reduction
disulfidebond2)pHand
Mg2+3)allosteric
regulation
4)covalentmodification
Plastidsareorganellesuniquetoplantcellsandalgae
1.Plastids:afamilyofselfreproducing
organellesboundedbyadoublemembrane.
1) Chloroplasts:sitesofCO2assimilationin
stroma
2) Proplastid:lossofinternalmembraneand
chlorophyll
3) Amyloplast:nothylakoid,richinstarch,
4) Interconvertibleeachother
1. Ribulase5phosphatekinase,fructose1,6bisphosphatase,sedoheptulose1,7
bisphosphatase,andglycerladehyde3phosphatedehydrogenaseareactivatedlight
drivenreductionofbetweentwoCysresidues.
1. Indark,mitochondrialrespiration+photorespiration(consumedO2andproduce
CO2)
2. Photorespirationresultfromrubiscosoxygenaseactivityandproduce2
phosphoglycolate,ametabolicallyuselessproduct.
Sucrose synthesis