DENTI

PRESENTED BY :
Pragati sharma

GUIDED BY :
DR.ASHISTARU SAHA
DR.TUSHAR TANWANI
DR.PRANAY MAHASETH
DR.ANKITA PIPLANI

CONTENTS

Introduction
Composition
Dentinogenesis
Physical properties
Histology of dentin
Types
Age changes
Clinical considerations
References

INTRODUCTION
Dentin is a mineralized, elastic, yellowishwhite, avascular tissue enclosing the central
pulp chamber.
Forms bulk of tooth

COMPOSITION
Gross composition (by weight )
- inorganic 70% [50%
vol.]
- organic
20%
[30%vol.]
- water
10%
[20%vol.]
Inorganic calcium hydroxyapatite
crystals.

 Fibrils = collagen , comprise over 90%

of organic matrix.
Principal fibre collagen type I
( trace type III and V)
Non collagenous Proteins
Dentin phosphoprotein[DPP] = main
non collagenous protein, pack the
space between collagen fibrils and
accumulate along the periphery of
dentinal tubules .

 Proteoglycans
- namely decorin, biglycan
,chondroitin sulphate.
Gla protein ( gamma carboxyglutamate
containing protein)
lipids 2% of organic content ,
- thought to play role in
mineralization
- phospholipids are
needle like cystal
ghosts,
may be involved in formation of
crystals.

PATTERN OF DENTIN
FORMATION
Begins at the bell stage of tooth
development.
Site of cusp formation.
Formed by odontoblastsdifferentiates from ectomesenchymal
of dental papilla.
Dental papilla is the formation organ
of dentin.

DENTINOGENESIS
It is a two phase sequence :
Collagen matrix formation
Mineralization
Outlines are ;
Differentiation of odontoblast
Formation of mantle pre-dentin
Mineralization

1.Odontoblast differentiation
Differentiation of odontoblast is
brought about by the expression of
signaling molecule and growth
factors in cells of IEE.

2.Formation of mantle
dentin

Formation of its organic matrix.

differentiated
odontoblast
deposit first dentin collagen in
pre existing ground
substance of dental papilla

1st sign of dentin formation- von

korffs fibres.

3.Pattern of
mineralization

Throughout dentinogenesis,
mineralization is achieved by
continuous deposition of mineral,
initially in the matrix vesicle and
then at the mineralization front.
2 patterns

globular

linear

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Colour :
Yellow
Light passes through thin, highly
mineralized enamel and is reflected by
underlying dentin.
Thicker or hypo-mineralized enamel does
not permit light to pass through readily.

Thickness of dentin:
Range: 3-10mm

 Hardness:
Dentin is softer than enamel but more
harder than bone or cementum.
Hardness of dentin is one fifth (1/5th )
that of enamel; near the DEJ it is three
times greater than near the pulp.
64 KHN

The compressive strength of

dentin is 217-300 Mpa which is much
higher than enamel.

 Modulus of elasticity : 1.67x 10 PSI.

Tensile strength of dentin is approx.
40 Mpa.

HISTOLOGY OF DENTIN
Dentinal tubule

Extend through entire thickness of

dentin from DEJ to pulp.

S-shaped path from the outer

surface of the dentin to the
perimeter of the pulp in coronal
dentin.

 Diameter of dentinal tubules :

- Near pulp 2.5um, 1.2um in mid
portion of dentin and 900 nm near
DEJ.
Number of Dentinal tubules :
At the pulpal surface of dentin the
number /sq mm varies between
50,000 & 90,000.
At DEJ : 8000- 15,000
More tubules per unit area in the crown
than in the root.

Peritubular dentin
The dentin that immediately
surrounds the dentinal tubules is
termed peritubular dentin.
This dentin forms the walls of the
tubules.
It is highly mineralized (about 9%
more) than intertubular dentin.

Peritubular dentin

Intertubula
r dentin

Dentinal
tubule

odontoblast and its

structures

Incremental lines of von

ebner
Organic matrix of dentin deposited
rhythmically of about 4um a day .
Mineralized in a 12 hour cycle.

Incremental line of von Ebner

TYPES OF DENTIN

PRIMARY DENTIN

Formed prior to the eruption of the

teeth and root completion.
Major bulk of dentin.
It is composed of Mantle dentin and
Circumpulpal dentin.

SECONDARY DENTIN
Formed after completion of root
formation.
Continuing, but much slower deposition
of dentin.
Narrow band of dentin bordering the
pulp.
Contains fewer tubules than primary
dentin .

TERTIARY DENTIN
Tertiary dentin is also known as Reactive,
Reparative or Irregular secondary dentin.
It is the dentin that is formed in response
to abnormal stimuli such as attrition,
abrasion, erosion, trauma, moderate
dentinal caries and restorative materials.

AGE CHANGES
Dead tracts and blind tract :
When dentin is damaged, odontoblastic
processes die or retract leaving empty
dentinal tubules. These areas with empty
dentinal tubules are called dead tracts.
With time these tracts can become
completely filled with mineral. This region
is called blind tracts.

CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS
DENTINAL HYPERSENSITIVITY
theories
SMEAR LAYER

DENTINAL
HYPERSENSITIVITY

loss of enamel via attrition, abrasion,

erosion or abfraction.
toothbrush abrasion,
tooth preparation for crown
excessive flossing or secondary to
periodontal diseases.

theories
Direct innervation theory

Odontoblast receptor/transduction
theory

Fluid movement/hydrodynamic theory

SMEAR LAYER- A NECESSARY EVIL

Whenever dentin has been cut or
abraded, a thin altered layer is
created on the surface.
Composed of denatured collagen,
hydroxyapatite and other cutting
debris.

Implications
Unsuppported enamel rods may fracture.
RDT- 1.5mm or more from the pulp.
Care to be taken during vital tooth
preparation.
Enamel thickness at cusps thicker.
2mm at incisal edge , 2.3 to 2.5mm at
cusps of premolars, 2.5 to 3mm at cusps
of molars.

REFERENCES
Tencates oral histology 7th edition
Oral anatomy,histology and
embryology. Berkovitz,holland ,
moxham, 3rd edition.
Orbans oral histology. 12th edition.
Sturdevants art and science of
operative dentistry.
Internet .