Assalamualaikum

By :
1.Aprilia Eka Putri
2.Fitri Dwi
3.Gita Saftiarini
4.Husnul Fadilah
5.Irvan Pramadika
Class : XII IPA 3

Report is a text which presents

information about something, as it
is. It is as a result of systematic
observation and analysis.

Purpose / function

Generic Structure

1. Title :

Indicates topic of the report.

2. General Classification :
Stating classification of general aspect of thing;
animal, public place, plant, etc

which will be

discussed in general.
3. Description :
Describing the thing which will be discussed in
detail;

part per part , customs or deed for living

creature and usage for materials.

The use of general nouns

Language
Features

( ex : animals, vertebrates)
The use of relating verbs
( ex : is, are, has )
The use of present tenses

( ex : All fish are vertebrates with gills for breathing)

The use of behavioral verbs
( ex : Fish live in nearly every underwater habitat,
from near freezing Arctic waters to hot desert springs ;
from mud ponds to the deepest ocean abyss)
The use of technical terms
( ex: Fish are an important source of protein for millions
of people worldwide)

The kinds of the report

text

Textbooks
encyclopedias
scientific magazines
historical
factual reading books
magazine
etc

Paragraph 1
Fish is a diverse group of
animals that live and breathe
in

water.

vertebrates
breathing.

All
with
Most

fish

are

gills
fish

for
have

fins for swimming, scales for

protection, and a streamlined
body

for

moving

through the water.

easily

Question paragraph 1

1.
2.

Paragraph 2
Fish live in nearly every underwater habitat,
from near-freezing Arctic waters to hot desert
springs; from mud ponds to the deepest ocean
abyss. Antarctic ice-fish survive in water below
0 C while desert pupfish of western North
America live in temperatures higher than 40 C.

Question for paragraph 2

3. All fish can survive at temperatures above
40c ?
4. From near-freezing arctic water, the fish will
going to ?

Paragraph 3
With approximately 25,000 recognized species, fish
make up the most diverse vertebrate group, comprising
about half of all known vertebrate species. New fish
continue to be discovered and named at the rate of 200
to 300 species per year. With this vast number of
different fishes comes a diversity of sizes and shapes,
from huge whale sharks that reach 12 m in length to the
smallest infant-fish, measuring only about 7 mm long.

Question for paragraph 3

5. what size are the longest fish in the
sea ?
6. experts used to name new fish at
the rate of 200 to 300 species per
year. True or False ?

Paragrap
h4

Fish are generally streamlined with a pointed snout and pointed

posterior and a broad propulsive tail. Unlike the shape of a human

body, a fishs body shape is ideal for speeding through the water. This
torpedo-shaped body is typicalof the fastest-swimming fishes, the
billfish and the tunas. Billfish can swim in bursts of over 110km/h.
Tunas are built for long-distance endurance as well as speed,
swimming as fast as 50km/h and migrating as far as 12,500 km in
only four months. Other fish come in a wide variety of shapes. The
snakelike eels, flat halibuts, and boxy puffers are all slower swimmers
that have evolved distinctive bodies best adapted to their specific
habitats. Unlike fishes that swim through the open water, these fish
have adapted to live in caves, on the ocean floor, and among coral
reefs where speed is less important than camouflage.

Question for paragraph 4

7. why the fish is ideal to speed up the
motion in the water?
8.Which is part if the body shape of a
typical fish ? What does it do ?
9. What are the advantages of fish billfish
?
10. Mentioned a variety of different forms
of the other fish ?

Paragraph 5
Fish are an important source of protein for millions
of people worldwide. Since the early 1970s, 70 to 100
million metric tons of fish are caught each year for
food. People consume about 70 percent of fish caught,
and nearly 30 percent are used as animal feed that
helps produce other froms of protein. Fish protein
represents about 25 percent of the total protein
consumed by the worlds population, second only to
beef.

Question for
paragraph
5
11. A quarter of the total protein consumed
by the worlds population. True or False?
12. How many percent used as animal feed
that helps produce other of protein?

Verbs

What is a verb?

A verb is a word that shows an action or

state of being. In other words, they explain
what something is or is doing.
He ran quickly. (action)

QuickTime and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.

He is happy. (state of being)

QuickTime and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.

There are many kinds of

verbs. Here are some I
want you to know
Action and Linking Verbs
1)Helping and Main Verbs

Action Verbs
An action verb shows action. It shows what
someone (or something) is doing.

QuickTime and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.

Example: The boy swam in the lake.

(Swimming is an action.)

Linking Verbs
A linking verb connects the subject to a word (or
words) that are describing the subject

QuickTime and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.

The man is funny.

(Man is being linked to the descriptive word funny.)

Commonly Used Linking

Verbs
Forms of Be:
am

be

being

was

are

been

is

where

Other Verbs:
appear grow

seem

stay

become look

smell

taste

feel

sound

turn

remain

Action or Linking?
To find out if a verb is an action or linking verb,
substitute a form of be for the verb. If the
sentence still makes sense, its usually a
linking verb. If the sentence doesnt make
sense, its usually an action verb.
*

Note: Forms of be and seem are always linking verbs

Action vs. Linking Verb

Examples
Joe plays baseball.
Joe is baseball. (The sentence does not make
sense, so it is an action verb.)

The roses look pretty.

The roses are pretty. (The sentence makes
sense, so it is a linking verb.)

Main Verbs
Some sentences have several verbs
working together to mean one thing. The
main verb is the verb thats most specific
about what the subject is or is doing.
The girl could have gone to the zoo.

The dog may eat dinner soon.

Helping Verbs
When sentences have several verbs
working together, the helping verbs are the
verbs that are helping the main verb.

The girl could have gone to the zoo.

The dog may eat dinner soon.

A List of Helping Verbs

am, are, is, was, were, be, being, been,
do, does, did, shall, will, may, must,
might, have, has, had, can, could, would,
should
Note: Some helping verbs can also be
linking verbs. How do you know which is
which? You have to see how theyre
being used in the sentence.

Helping or Linking Verb?

The boy is funny. (This is a linking verb
because boy is being linked to the
descriptive word funny.)
The boy is running. (This is a helping
verb because is helps running make
sense.)

An Easy Tip to
Remember
When trying to decide if a word is a
helping verb or linking verb, ask yourself
these two questions:
Are there other verbs in the sentence?
Is this verb helping the other verbs make sense?

If the answer to these questions is yes, than

you have a helping verb on your hands.

Time to Review
Take some time now to review your
notes. If you have any questions, please
be sure to ask.

Participle
Participial Phrases

Participial
A participle is a verb used as an
adjective.
There are two kinds of participles.
The past participle has the past form of the
verb which would go with the verb have and
would usually end in -ed.
The present participle ends in -ing.

Recognize the
participle
Verb

Simple Simple Past

Present Infiniti
Participl Participl ve
Present Past
e
e

giggle giggle(s giggled giggled

giggling

to
giggle

help

helping

to
help

help(s)

helped helped

Irregular Verbs
Verb

Simple Simple
Present Past

Past
Present Infiniti
Particip Particip ve
le
le

Bring Bring(s) Brought Brought Bringing To

bring
Swim Swim(s) Swam

Swum

Swimmi To
ng
swim

Participles in sentences
The crying baby drew a long breath and
sucked in a spider crouching in the
corner of the crib.
What does the
present
participle
crying modify?
baby

What does the

present participle
crouching
modify?
spider

Participial Phrases
A participial phrase is the participle
plus any complements and
modifiers of the participle and
complements.
A participial phrase may include other
types of phrases.

Examples of Participial
Phrases

Swinging from the trees, the monkey

chattered at me.
The participial phrase is : swinging from the trees.

If the participial phrase is an adjective it must modify a noun.

More Examples
1.The woman wearing the red dress lives
in the neighborhood.
2. The moon robot, activated by a
remote switch,
switch started moving slowly.
3.I saw the monkey swinging from the
trees.
4. Tony followed the crowd, fearing
being left behind.

Thank You ;)
Wassalamualaikum Wr
Wb