Enhance

investment
for DRR &
CCA to
Sustaining
Developmen
t Gains:
Opportunitie
s &
Challenges
for
Developing Mohammad Abdul Wazed
Asian
Director General
Department of Disaster Management
Countries

Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief , Bangladesh

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Location of Bangladesh in South Asia

Context
Physical: challenges related
to water, climate and land

- A vast network of rivers

and channels

Social: population,
vulnerability, poverty and
wider social safety net
programme

- An enormous discharge of
water heavily laden with
sediments

Institutional: policy &

governance and equity

- A large number of islands

in between the channels

Economic: agriculture
dependence economy , lack
of off farm opportunity

- A shallow northern Bay of

Bengal and funneling to the
coastal area of Bangladesh
- Strong tidal and wind
action

Past Significant Disaster

Year
1970
1988
1988
1989
1991
1996
1997
1998
2004
2007
2007
2009

Disaster
Cyclone
Flood
Cyclone
Drought
Cyclone
Tornado
Cyclone
Flood
918
Flood
Flood
Cyclone(SIDR)
Cyclone(Aila)

Death
500,000
1,708
4,000
800
138,868
545
550

1987 floods
billion
1988 floods

US$ 1.2

billion
1998 floods

US$ 2.8

billion
2004 floods

747
800
3,406
190

US$ 1.0

US$ 2.3

billion
2007 floods

US$ 1.1

billion
2007 Cyclone (Sidr)

US$ 2.1

billion
2009 Cyclone (AILA)

US$ 1.1

billion
Total: US$ 11.6 billion

Evolving Paradigms of Disaster

Management in Bangladesh
The 70s: response oriented, formation of early
warning and preparedness;
- 1970- cyclone Gorky, 300,000 killed
- 1972- Cyclone Preparedness Program (CPP) established,
wireless network created
The 80s: and 90s: emergence of the DM approach;
- 1987/88- huge flood, FAP (11) formulated: establishment of a
special unit to plan and coordinate disaster-related activities
- 1991- cyclone, 138,800 killed, shifting from reactive
response to disaster risk reduction,
- 1993- constitution of the Disaster Management Bureau
(DMB)
- 1997- Drafting of the Standing Orders on Disaster (SOD)
- 1998- prolonged flood

Evolving Paradigms of Disaster

Management in Bangladesh
The 2000s: consolidation towards a
comprehensive system
2000- Comprehensive Disaster Management
Program (CDMP) formulated and launched in 2004
2005- Ministry of Food and Disaster Management
(MoFDM) re-established, GoBs new Disaster
Management vision
2006- Revised MoFDM- Allocation of Business
2010- Codified formal DM System : revised SOD,
National Plan for Disaster Management (NPDM)
renewed momentum for DM Policy and DM Act
2012 DM Act Finalized and Enacted , MoDMR and
DDM

GoB Vision for Disaster Management:

To reduce the vulnerability of the poor to the effects of
natural, environmental and human induced hazards
to a manageable and acceptable humanitarian level
MoDMR Mission:
To bring a paradigm shift in disaster management
from conventional response and relief to a more
comprehensive risk reduction culture
Overall Objective:
To strengthen the capacity of the Bangladesh Disaster
Management System to reduce unacceptable risk
and improve response and recovery management at
all levels
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Pillars of Disaster Management

- Community Resilience
- Legal and Institutional Framework
- Committee System
- Volunteerism
- Vibrant NGO/ CSO/CBO
- Wider Safety Net
- Community based early Warning System
- Political Commitment

Disaster Management Institutions in Bangla

National Disaster
Management Council
Inter Ministerial
Disaster Management
Coordination
Committee (IMDMCC)

National Disaster
Management Advisory
Council (NDMAC)

Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief

Cyclone Preparedness
Programme
Implementation Board

Department of Disaster
Management
District Disaster
Management Committee
Municipal Disaster
Management Committee

City Corporation
Disaster Management
Committee

Zone / Upazila
Union

Upazila Disaster Management Committee

Union Disaster Management Committee

Village

Disaster Management Regulative

Framework
Disaster
Management Act

DM Policy

National Plan for DM

Sectoral Policies

Sectoral Plans

(DRR Incorporated)

(DRR Incorporated)

Local Plans
Hazard Plans

Programming for Implementation

SOD

Guideline
Templates

Social Safety Net Programs

SSNPs are linked to disaster management and
social protection
To reduce vulnerability
To provide rapid relief response
To sustain the timely recovery
To protect the most vulnerable groups
Range of interventions includes:
Special food transfer to the vulnerable- VGF
Cash transfer for generating employment- EGPP
Test Relief (TR)
Relief through infrastructure and social
protection- FFW

Investment of DRR and CCA in

Bangladesh
In FY 2013-14, GoBs allocation for DRR and
Response is 7765 Core (USD ~10 mil)
Bangladesh Government has established
two different funds to address the issue of
Climate Change:
- Bangladesh Climate Change Trust Fund (USD
350 mil till 2009)
- Bangladesh Climate Change Resilient Fund
(USD 170 mil)
The DM Act 2012 further instructed to
formalize the mechanism towards the DM
fund at the National and Local Level

Allocation by the Government for DM in FY

2013-14
Activity
Block Allocation for Disaster
Management
Vulnerable Group Development
(VGD)
Vulnerable Group Feeding (VGF)
Test Relief (TR) Food
Gratuitous Relief (GR)- Food
Food For Work (FFW)
Employment Generation Programe
for the

Allocation
BDT 1 bil (~ USD 12.65 mil)
BDT
mil)
BDT
mil)
BDT
mil)
BDT
mil)
BDT
mil)
BDT

8.5 bil (~ USD 107.7

13.26 bil (~ USD 167.8
12.91 bil (~ USD 163.4
2.65 bil (~ USD 33.5
14.56 bil (~ USD 184.3
14 bil (~ USD 177.3 mil)

What Made the Difference

Improvement of disaster risk reduction measures including early
warning system.
Active leadership role in the field level Disaster Management
Committees
Cyclone and Flood shelters Earthen Killa ( elevated land) for
livestock
Embankments in Coastal Belts
Cyclone Preparedness Programme (CPP) expanded to new areas
with more volunteers
Urban Volunteers
Increased resilience of the vulnerable communities.
More holistic, multi-disciplinary DRR approach.
Community based disaster preparedness
Effective Communication

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International / Regional Cooperation

Bangladesh is committed to South-South Cooperation
Lead role in SAARC
Committed to Intra-regional and Inter-regional Cooperation, eg.
SDMC , BIMSTEC (Bay of Bengal Initiative for MultiSectoral
Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC)
Developing close collaboration with ADPC (Thailand), ADRC
(Japan), Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), USA.

Needs and priorities (Long-term)

Construction of cyclone shelters with killas (elevated land for
shelter of livestock)
Reconstruction/Construction of
Embankment with modified design
Disaster resistant housing
Disaster resilient cluster village
Reconstruction of educational institutions
Reconstruction/Construction of roads

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Long-term Risk Reduction Challenges

Improvement of early warning system
Expansion of the operation areas of the Cyclone
Preparedness Programs
Expansion of disaster management information network
Mainstreaming of disaster risk reduction in development
process
Strengthening linkage with regional and international
organizations involved in DRR in line with HFA
Adaptation to Climate Change

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Recommendations
Bangladesh will share the lesson on public financing for
community and national level resilience building
Integration of DRR & CCA with SDGs is crucial for
resilience building
HFA2 DRR regional platform needs to be linked to
regional policy and decision through regional
commission.
UNISDR can play a major role here , specially in
respect of monitoring , and support to regional and
international cooperation

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DRR

CYCLONE SHELTER
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Community resilience

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Thank you all

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