WCDMA RNO Handover Principal - 20051214

WCDMA Handover Principal
and Analysis
Huawei Confidential
INSTRUCTOR
Jenny Wang
Email:jing.wang@huawei.com
Object
Upon completion this

course, you will be able
to:
The basic definitions of
Handover
The algorithms of handover
decision
The handover flow
3
The parameters of handover
Chapter 1 Introduction of Handover

Chapter 2 Measurement of Handover
Chapter 3 The Basic Handovers
Chapter 4 Blind Handover and
Direct Retry Algorithm
Why mobile systems

need handover?
It is decided by the characters
of mobile system:
The mobility of UE
The mobile system is composed by
cells which the coverage ability is
limited.
Providing the continuous service in

mobile system is the basic element in
QoS.
The Purpose of Handover
Providing the continuous service in mobile

system is the basic element in QoS.
The load balance: sharing the resource
The hierarchy divided by speed and service:

high efficiency of using resource (InterFreq.) because 3G provide multi services
with different speeds so HO from one freq to
other is more efficient.
The Categories of Handover
According to the signaling characters:

Soft handover (softer handover)
Hard handover
According to the properties of source

cell and target cell
Intra-frequency handover
Inter-frequency handover
Inter-mode handover (FDD <-> TDD)
Inter-system handover (UMTS <->
GSM/CDMA2000)
7
According to the purpose of handover
The Characters of Different Handovers

Comparison between soft handover and hard
handover:
Item
Soft
Handover
Hard Handover
The
numbers of
RL in active
set after
handover
Several
max for
the UE is
3.
One
Interruption
during
handover
No
Yes
The Characters of Different Handovers

Comparison between soft handover and softer
During softer handover, the uplink signaling

handover:
are combined in NodeB by maximum ratio
combination, but during soft handover they are
combined in RNC by selection combination.
Compare to later one, the maximum ration
combination can get more gain. So the

performance of maximum ration combination is
better.
Since softer handover is completed in NodeB,
it do not consume transport resource of Iub.

9
Soft Handover
RNC
NodeB 1
10
NodeB 2
Softer Handover
RNC (WFMR)
NodeB
11
Hard Handover
12
Three Steps of
Handover
Measurement
Measurement control
Measurement
Measurement
Execute
13
Decision
execution and the

result processing
The measurement
report
Mainly accomplished
by UE
Decision
Based on
Measurement
The application and
distribution of resource
Mainly accomplished
Questions
The differences among Soft

handover, softer handover
and hard handover
Typical application
scenarios
14
Summary
This chapter focus on the purpose of

handovers and the categories of
handover in WCDMA.
15

16

Section 1 Measurement control and
measurement report
Section 2 The basic definitions of measurement
Section 3 Intra-frequency measurement event
Section 4 Inter-frequency and
inter-system measurement event
Section 5 UE internal measurement
17
Measurement Control and

Measurement Report
Measurement Control
UE
UTRAN
MEASUREMENT CONTROL
Measurement Control, normal case
18
Measurement Control and

Measurement Report
Measurement
report
UE
UTRAN
MEASUREMENT REPORT
Measurement report, normal case
19

measurement report
Section 2 The basic concepts of measurement
Section 3 Intra-frequency measurement event
inter-system measurement event
Section 5 UE Internal Measurement
20
The Basic Concepts of Measurement
The measurement values of Handover

Intra-frequency and inter-frequency:CPICH-
RSCP,CPICH-Ec/N0,Path loss
Inter-frequency CPICH RSCP CPICH
Ec/N0(Hard HO)
Inter-system GSM Carrier RSSI BSIC
Identification BSIC Reconfirmation (Hard HO)

Inter-Mode: between FDD,TDD.
The reporting methods of measurement

Periodic reporting
Event reporting
21
Measurement Model
parameters
Layer 1
filtering
Layer 3
filtering
parameters
C
C'
22
Evaluation
of reporting
criteria
Reporting Criterion
Reporting Criterion
Decision formula: for example, 1A event :
1.Path
10 LogMLoss
W 10 Log M
New
i 1
M
i 1
(1 W ) 10 LogM Best ( R H 1a / 2),
NA
10 LogM New W 10 Log
NA
(1 W ) 10 LogM Best ( R H 1a / 2),
2.Other measurement
Relative threshold, Absolute threshold,

23
Hysteresis, Time to trigger
Key Parameters
24

measurement report
Section 3 Intra-frequency measurement events
inter-system measurement events
25
Intra-frequency Measurement
Events
All intra-frequency measurement report

events are identified with 1X :
1A A primary pilot channel enters the reporting
range. When the active set of UE is full, UE stops

reporting 1A event;
1B A primary pilot channel leaves the reporting
range;
1C The primary pilot channel in a non active set is
better than the primary pilot channel in an active set;

1D The best cell changes;
1E The measurement value of a primary pilot
26
channel exceeds the absolute threshold

measurement report
27
Inter-frequency Measurement Events
Inter-frequency measurement events are

identified with 2X
2A: The best frequency changes;
2B: The estimated quality value of the used frequency is
lower than a certain threshold, and that of the non-used

frequency is higher than a certain threshold;
2C: The estimated quality value of the non-used

2DThe estimated quality value of the used frequency is
lower than a certain threshold

2E:The estimated quality value of the non-used
28
frequency is lower than a certain threshold
Inter-system Measurement Events
Inter-system measurement events are

identified with 3X
3A:The estimated quality value of the used UTRAN
frequency is lower than a certain threshold, and that

of the other system is higher than a certain
threshold;
3B: The estimated quality value of the other system
is lower than a certain threshold ;

3C: The estimated quality value of the other system
is higher than a certain threshold ;

29
3D: The best cell in the other system changes

measurement report
30
UE Internal Measurement
UE Internal measurement events are

identified with 6X
6G: The time difference between downlink
receiving and uplink transmission of the UE is

shorter than an absolute threshold;
6F: The time difference between downlink
receiving and uplink transmission of the UE is

bigger than an absolute threshold;
31
Questions
How many events are there in intrafrequency measurement? What are they?
How many events are there in UE
internal measurement?
How many events are there in interfrequency measurement? What are they?
32
Summary
This chapter covers intra-frequency

measurement, inter-frequency
measurement, inter-system measurement
and UE internal measurement from their
definitions and application scenarios.
Summary
33

34

Section 1 Soft Handover
Section 2 Intra-frequency Hard Handov
Section 3 Inter-frequency Hard Handov
Section 4 Inter-system Hard Handover

Section 5 HSDPA Handover
Section 6 Compressed Mode
35
Brief Introduction of Soft Handover
Characters of Soft Handover

During handover, UE has several RLs with different
cells----active set.
The handover among different cells which are in
same RLS can be softer handover.
Soft handover:
Selection combination in uplink
Maximum combination in downlink
Softer handover
Maximum combination in uplink and downlink
36
Brief Introduction of Soft Handover

Advantages
Soft handover gain:
Multi-Cell gain: Multiple irrelated soft handover branches low the required margin
for fading
Macro Diversity Combining gain: Gain for the link demodulation of the soft
handover:
Load balance: Different cells receive the signals from UE in uplink, which can
decrease the transmission power of UE. And UE receive signal from different
cells, which also can decrease the transmission power of base station.
Decrease the possibility of call drop caused by ping-pong handover.
Disadvantages
More resource needed in downlink, especially for the code resource of BE
service.
Usually, the gain of downlink power is negative.
When the downlink power from different cells is not balanced, it will bring sideeffect.
37
Measurement of Soft Handover
The measurement of soft handover/softer

handover
Measurement value CPICH RSCP CPICH
Ec/No Pathloss
Process of Measurement Layer 1 filter, Layer 2
filter
Reporting way
Periodic reporting
Event reporting
Event type 1A 1B 1C 1D 1F
UE measures the time difference between CFN and SFN
38
Reporting rules: trigger condition, Relative threshold,

Absolute threshold, Hysteresis, Time to trigger
The Events of Soft Handover Measurement
Soft/softer handover measurement events

Intra-frequency events reporting:
1A A primary pilot channel enters the reporting

range. When the active set of UE is full, UE stops
reporting 1A event;
1B A primary pilot channel leaves the reporting
range;
1C The primary pilot channel in a non active set is
better than the primary pilot channel in an active set;
1D The best cell changes;
39
1E The measurement value of a primary pilot

channel exceeds the absolute threshold
The Decision Algorithm of Soft

Handover
Soft/softer handover decision

1A add RL into active set
1B Delete RL from active set
1C replace cell
1D change best cell
40
The Execution of Soft Handover

Soft handover execution
The update principal of measurement control
Configure the neighbor cells and the parameters

according to best cell
RLC mode
AM mode is used for measurement control

UM mode is used for measurement reporting
The compensation and restriction of soft
handover
From event reporting to periodic reporting
41
Parameters the time value for periodic reporting,

the number for reporting times
Soft Handover Flow (add RL)
The execution of soft handover (add RL)
42
Soft Handover Flow (del RL)
The execution of soft handover (del RL)
43
Key Parameters
Relative threshold
Set 1A, 1B value separately
1A < 1B which makes deleting RL is more difficult,
and it can avoid ping-pong handover

Usually 1A: 3dB; 1B: 6dB (Reporting Range)
Time to trigger
Each event can be set separately
Usually, 1B>1A which makes deleting RL is more
difficult, and it can avoid ping-pong handover

Usually, 1A: 320ms, 1B: 640ms
Layer 3 filter coefficient

Only one value for all intra-frequency measurement
Sensitive to the delay of event trigger and ping-pong
44
handover


45
The Characters of Intra-frequency Hard

Handover
Characters
UE only has one RL with one cell in the process of
handover
Disconnect UE with the original cell, then hand it over
to target cell
The working frequency of source cell and target cell
are same
Advantages
Enhance the using efficiency of the OVSF code and
hardware resource
Disadvantages
High call drop possibility because of the intra-
frequency interference
Application scenarios
46
Without Iur interface between two RNCs or the Iur
The Measurement, Decision and Execution

of Intra-frequency Hard Handover
Measurement
Similar to soft handover
Decision
1D event
Execution
UE reports CFN-SFN information
Synchronization hard handover

Use the original DOFF value
Continuous CFN
UE does not report CFN-SFN information
47
The hard handover based on timing
Intra-frequency Hard Handover Flow
Intra-frequency hard handover

flow
Source
Target
UE
NODEB
NODEB
SRNC
1.RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST

2. RADIO LINK SETUP RESPONSE
3.ALCAP establish
4. PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION
5. RADIO LINK
FAILURE INDICATION
6. PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION COMPLETE
7. RADIO LINK
DELETION REQUEST
8. RADIO LINK
DELETION RESPONSE
9.ALCAP release
48
Key Parameters
Handover decision threshold based on BE

speed
UE should do soft handover when the speed of BE
service is less than the threshold.

UE should do intra-frequency hard handover when
the speed of BE service is greater than the threshold.
The parameters about 1D event:

time to trigger hysteresis
The parameters should be set accord with the Qos
49


50
The Brief Introduction of Interfrequency Hard Handover
Characters
The working frequency is different after handover
The compressed mode needed if the UE only has
one receiver
Usually, the timing re-initiation hard handover is used
for hard handover
Advantages
Compare to intra-frequency hard handover, the
success possibility is higher

The load balance among cells with different
frequencies
Can realize the reasonable configuration for hierarchy
cells
Disadvantages
51
Compressed mode results in extra radio resource
occupied
The Inter-frequency Hard Handover

Measurement Values and Events
The Inter-frequency hard handover

measurement values
Measurement values:
CPICH RSCP CPICH Ec/N0

Different handover purpose for different measurement
type:
In the edge of carrier coverage: CPICH RSCP
In the center of carrier coverage: CPICH Ec/No
52
The Measurement Values and Events of Interfrequency Hard Handover
Measurement reporting
Periodic reporting
Event reporting
2A: The best frequency changes;

2B: The estimated quality value of the used frequency
is lower than a certain threshold, and that of the nonused frequency is higher than a certain threshold;
2C: The estimated quality value of the non-used
2DThe estimated quality value of the used frequency is
lower than a certain threshold
53
2E:The estimated quality value of the non-used
Compressed Mode Initiation in Interfrequency Hard Handover
Conditions for measurement initiated

2D event can be used to enable the
compressed mode to perform inter-frequency

measurement.
Enable inter-frequency measurement by
moving speed estimation algorithm
Conditions for Measurement stopping

2F event
After the best cell is changed, the cell does not
contain inter-frequency neighbor cells.

Inter-frequency measurement timer expired
Because the moving speed of UE is changed,
the inter-frequency handover measurement is
stopped by cell hierarchy algorithm.
54
Cells Hierarchy Algorithm Based on UE

Moving Speed
When UE is in one of the hierarchy cells, the

moving speed estimation algorithm is
initiated
Handover events in a while decides whether the
55
speed of UE satisfies the current cell hierarchy

condition
UE is remained in the current cell if the speed is
medium.
If the speed is very high, it will be handed over to
higher hierarchy cell. And if not, hand it over to lower
hierarchy cell.
UEs moving speed decided the result.
If the hierarchy is configured by different frequencies,
the inter-frequency blind handover or inter-frequency
measurement handover can be initiated.
Inter-frequency Hard Handover Decision

Algorithm
The inter-frequency hard handover decision

The coverage triggers the handover
2B event
the quality in the used frequency is lower than absolute
threshold, but the quality in another non-used frequency is
higher than another absolute threshold.
The load triggers handover
2C event
the quality in another frequency is higher than an absolute
threshold
56
The Execution of Inter-frequency Hard

Handover
The execution of Inter-frequency hard

handover
UE report the timing information
UE with two receivers does not need compressed mode.

Synchronization hard handover
Using the original DOFF
Continued CFN
UE does not report timing information
UE with a single receiver has to initiate compressed
mode
If the NodeB of target cell is not the same one which
the cells in active set belong to
the timing re-initiation hard handover
Re-configure DOFF
Calculate the CFN according to DOFF
57
If the NodeB of target cell is the same one which the

cells in active set belong to
Inter-frequency Hard Handover

Flow
Signaling flow
UE
Target
NODEB
Source
NODEB
SRNC
1.RADIO LINK SETUP REQUEST

2. RADIO LINK SETUP RESPONSE
3.ALCAP established
4. PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION
5. RADIO LINK
FAILURE INDICATION
6. PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION COMPLETE
7. RADIO LINK
DELETION REQUEST
8. RADIO LINK
DELETION RESPONSE
9.ALCAP released
58
Key Parameters (I)
Inter-frequency coverage handover

parameters:
Inter-frequency measurement reporting: periodic
reporting or event reporting

Inter-frequency measurement values: CPICH Ec/No
or CPICH RSCP
Inter-frequency measurement layer 3 filter coefficient,
delay trigger time and hysteresis

Inter-frequency initiated and stopped threshold:
59
Considering the different demands of CPICH Ec/No

and CPICH RSCP for PS domain and CS domain,
the different 2D and 2F parameters are configured.
Key Parameters (II)
Inter-frequency handover parameters

caused by non-coverage ability
Inter-frequency measurement layer 3 filter coefficient,
delay trigger time and hysteresis

Inter-frequency handover based on non-coverage ability
60


61
The Brief Introduction of Inter-system

Hard Handover
WCDMA FDD < >GSM
WCDMA FDD < >WCDMA TDD
WCDMA FDD < >CDMA2000
Characters
Different radio access technology is used after
handover
Usually, compressed mode should be used to
help the measurement
Advantages
For coverage, it can solve the problems from
one system to another system

For capacity, it can enhance the utilizing
efficiency of old equipments(2G->3G)
62
Disadvantages
The flow is complicated, and it demands higher
The Measurement for Intersystem Compressed Mode

Initiated
The inter-system measurement (GSM

measurement)
Measurement type:
GSM Carrier RSSI

BSIC Identification
BSIC Reconfirmation
The process of measurement: layer 1 filter, layer 3
filter
Event reporting
63
2D Event: initiate GSM measurement
The Inter-system Hard Handover

Decision Algorithm
The inter-system hard handover decision

Inter-system handover caused by coverage
Event reporting:
3A event The estimated quality value of the used UTRAN
frequency is lower than a certain threshold, and that of the
other system is higher than a certain threshold .
Periodic reporting:
Evaluation According to the periodic reported GSM RSSI
measurement value and the BSIC confirming state of target
cell of GSM system, and meanwhile the UE evaluates the
GSM RSSI of target cell is greater than the absolute
threshold, then consider the cell confirmed by BSIC.
64
The Inter-system Hard Handover

Decision Algorithm
The inter-system hard handover decision

Inter-system handover caused by non-coverage
Event reporting
3C event: The estimated quality value of the other system is
higher than a absolute threshold.
65
Inter-system Handover Flow
The execution of inter-system handover

UE
Node B
SRNC
CN
1. Relocation
Required
6. Relocation
Command
MSC
2. Prepare
Handover
5. Prepare
Handover
Response
BSC
3. Handover
Request
4. Handover
Request Ack
7. DCCH : Handover
from UTRAN Command
8. Handover
Detect
9. Handover Complete
12. Iu Release
Command
13. Iu Release
Complete
66
11. Send
End
Signal
Request
14. Send End
Signal Response
10. Handover
Complete
Key Parameters (I)

parameters
Inter-system measurement initiated and stopped
67
threshold: Considering the different demands of

CPICH Ec/No and CPICH RSCP for PS domain and
CS domain, the different 2D and 2F parameters are
configured
Inter-system measurement values (2D, 2F)
CPICH Ec/No
CPICH RSCP
BSIC confirmed (Optional)
parameters
configure the GSM RSSI threshold of CS domain and
PS domain separately
Using inter-system frequency quality handover
Key parameters (II)
Inter-system handover caused by noncoverage parameters

The period of inter-system measurement report
The decision threshold for inter-system handover:
configure the CS, PS, signaling separately

Time delay trigger : configure BSIC with
acknowledged and unacknowledged mode
Inter-frequency measurement layer 3 filter coefficient
and hysteresis
Penalty time
68


69
The Brief Introduction HSDPA Handover
Application Scope
Related to the handover between the HS-
DSCH channel of HSDPA

The service cell update of HSDPA
HSDPA< >DCH
Purpose
the service which data rate satisfied the
threshold of HSDPA should use the HSDPA

resource. To realize the maximum traffic
volume, the service cell with HS-DSCH should
be the best cell in the active set.
70
HSDPA Measurement
HSDPA handover measurement

Measurement type: CPICH RSCP CPICH
Ec/N0 Path loss

The process of measurement: layer 1 filter
coefficient and layer 3 filter coefficient

Periodic reporting
Event reporting
Reporting type: 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D
The event reporting converted to periodic reporting
71
Service Cell Change Algorithm
Change the service cell for HS-PDSCH in

active set
According to 1D event to decide the best cell, and
hand it over to the cell.

After handover, initiate the timer to forbid the ping-
pong handover
Change the service cell for HS-PDSCH after

hard handover
Establish the HSDPA channel in target cell with hard
handover
72
Establish DCH channel if the target cell can not
Direct Retry for HSDPA
Direct retry from R99 cell to R5 cell

Conditions
UE in cell 1 requests to establish an BE/streaming

RAB, or
UE of Cell-FACH state has much BE/streaming data
volume to transfer (Switch channel type from FACH
to HS-DSCH)
Existing cells: support HSDPA, with same coverage
area
Carrier A
Direct retry
CELL2To
R99
R99 resource
Advantage:
make fullCELL
use1 of HSDPA
HSDPA
resource
Carrier B
73
CELL A
R5
Service Cell Update Flow
74
Key Parameters
HSDPA handover protecting timer

Configure the T-HSDPA to avoid the influence for the
data service caused by the ping-pong handover.

During this period, the service cell for HSDPA can not
be changed.
The value scope ( 0 1024) seconds
75


76
The Purpose of Compressed mode
Purpose
Measure the inter-frequency cell or inter-system
cell under FDD mode
Cause:
Downlink compressed:
Since one receiver only can work in one

frequency, the UE has to stop working if it is
going to measure the signal from another
frequency cell. To ensure the downlink service
unaffected, the remained data should be sent in
the limited time.
77
Uplink compressed
Compressed Mode Sketch Map
Compressed mode sketch map
One frame
(10 ms)
78
Transmission gap available for

inter-frequency measurements
The realization Methods of Compressed

mode
Realization Methods
SF/2
79
Should use the replace scrambling code

Advantage: easy to handle for RNC
Disadvantage: occupied the resource of NodeB, decrease
the utilizing efficiency of OVSF, influenced the coverage
and increased interference caused by the replace
scrambling code.
rate matching/puncturing
Decrease the coding redundancy
Advantage: easy to handle for RNC; the SF 4 can be used;
no influence to utilizing efficiency of OVSF
Disadvantage: limited to the property of channel coding;
decreased the coding gain
higher layer scheduling
MAC can restrict TFCS to change the downlink data rate.
Questions
What are the differences between soft

handover and softer handover?
What is compressed mode?
Draw out the hard handover signaling
flow.
80
Summary
This chapter focus on the basic handovers in

WCDMA: soft handover, softer handover, intrafrequency hard handover, inter-frequency hard
handover and inter-system hard handover. It
also introduced the application scenarios for
these different handovers
Meanwhile, compressed mode is introduced in
this chapter
81

82
Application scenarios and Trigger

Conditions
RRC direct retry

During the initial signaling establishment, the RRC
connection is refused.
RRC redirection
The initial signaling is already established, but the
requested cell refused and RRC direct retry is failed.
RAB direct retry

The signaling is established successfully, but the
service establishment is failed.
Blind handover
Load balanced between inter-frequency cells
RRC direct retry
RAB direct retry
83
RRC Direct Retry (I)
Application scenarios (I)

Same sector covered by different frequencies
cell1
1
cell2
3
84
The UE initial camping

cell
Signaling process:
1 RRC CONNECTION REQUEST
2 RRC CONNECTION SETUP
3 RRC CONNETION SETUP
COMPLETE
RRC Direct Retry (II)
Application scenarios (II)

The soft handover area
Soft handover
area
UE camping
cell1 first
cell1
cell2
2
1
85
Signaling Process:
2 RRC CONNECTION SETUP
3 RRC CONNETION SETUP
COMPLETE
RRC Retry Key Parameters
DRMaxNumber
The maximum allowed retry times for the direct
retry module after the initial failure
CsThreshold.
When the signal quality of a cell is higher than this
threshold, this cell will be included in the direct

retry candidate set.
MinSignalRequired
The basic access threshold described in Section
2.2.8, namely the minimum requirement of the UE

form the receiving CPICH Ec/No density during
normal demodulation.
MaxRelatingTime
86
The maximum time that the RACH measurement
report can continue to be used for the direct retry
RRC Redirection
The signaling connection is failed, and RRC retry is
also failed.
GSM cell
Inter-freq cell
cell1
UE camping cell1
first
87
1
2
Signaling process:
2 RRC CONNECTION REJECT
1 UE initial the access process
after cell re-selection
1 UE initial the access process
in GSM cell after inter-system
cell reselection
RRC Direct Retry and Direction
The trigger condition should be the signaling

permitting failure
if congestion happed, the RRC connection signaling
is refused.
Advantages and disadvantages:

RRC direct retry can ensure the time delay.
RRC direction is more flexible, and can select to GSM
cell. But the time delay is longer.
88
RAB Direct Retry
GSM CELL
4
UTRAN CELL
1
2
CN
89
Signaling process
1 RAB Assignment (from CN)
2 SRNS relocation (to CN)
3 Handover from UTRAN ( Inform UE
access to GSM system)
4 Handover Complete (GSM message)
Questions
What is the difference of RRC direct retry

and RRC redirection?
What are the trigger conditions for RRC
direct retry and RRC direction?
90
Summary
This chapter focus on RRC direct retry, RRC

redirection, the application scenarios of RAB
direct retry and blind handover.
91
Thank You
92

WCDMA RNO Handover Principal - 20051214

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WCDMA Handover Principal

Upon completion this

The parameters of handover

Chapter 1 Introduction of Handover

Why mobile systems

Providing the continuous service in

The Purpose of Handover

Providing the continuous service in mobile

The hierarchy divided by speed and service:

The Categories of Handover

According to the signaling characters:

According to the properties of source

According to the purpose of handover

The Characters of Different Handovers

The Characters of Different Handovers

During softer handover, the uplink signaling

combination can get more gain. So the

it do not consume transport resource of Iub.

execution and the

The differences among Soft

This chapter focus on the purpose of

Chapter 1 Introduction of Handover

Chapter 2 Measurement of Handover

Measurement Control and

Measurement Control, normal case

Measurement Control and

Measurement report, normal case

Chapter 2 Measurement of Handover

The Basic Concepts of Measurement

The measurement values of Handover

Identification BSIC Reconfirmation (Hard HO)

The reporting methods of measurement

(1 W ) 10 LogM Best ( R H 1a / 2),

10 LogM New W 10 Log

(1 W ) 10 LogM Best ( R H 1a / 2),

Relative threshold, Absolute threshold,

Hysteresis, Time to trigger

Chapter 2 Measurement of Handover

All intra-frequency measurement report

range. When the active set of UE is full, UE stops

better than the primary pilot channel in an active set;

channel exceeds the absolute threshold

Chapter 2 Measurement of Handover

Inter-frequency Measurement Events

Inter-frequency measurement events are

lower than a certain threshold, and that of the non-used

frequency is higher than a certain threshold;

lower than a certain threshold

frequency is lower than a certain threshold

Inter-system Measurement Events

Inter-system measurement events are

frequency is lower than a certain threshold, and that

is lower than a certain threshold ;

is higher than a certain threshold ;

3D: The best cell in the other system changes

Chapter 2 Measurement of Handover

UE Internal measurement events are

receiving and uplink transmission of the UE is

receiving and uplink transmission of the UE is

This chapter covers intra-frequency

Chapter 1 Introduction of Handover

Chapter 3 The Basic Handovers

Section 2 Intra-frequency Hard Handov