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Introduction to Heat Transfer
Conduction, Convection, Radiation
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY
Experimental Set up to determine thermal conductivity:
Heat a material of known thickness and area from one side by an electric
resistance heater of known output
Make sure that the outer surfaces of the heater are well insulated, in this way
all the heat generated will be transferred through the material.
THERMAL DIFFUSIVITY:
Also, the heat transfer between a solid surface and the adjacent liquid or gas
that is in motion called convection.
The faster the fluid motion, the greater the convection heat transfer.
Free convection
Forced convection
Forced Convection: Some external energy is applied to force the fluid element
to change its position.
Free Convection: The fluid element changes its position due to density
difference which ultimately arises due to the temperature difference.
Where,
h is the convection heat transfer coefficient in W/m2.C
As is the surface area through which convection heat transfer takes place
Ts is the surface temperature
T is the fluid temp sufficiently far from the surface
RADIATION:
Where,
=5.670373(21)108W m2K4 is the Stefan-Boltzman constant
For example, the temperature of a wire rises rapidly when electric current
passes through it.
Temperature
distribution
pattern
varies
with
different