NATIVE AMERICAN

by :
1.Rachmita Zulfa A.Q.A
2.Reni Puji A.
3.Rini Riana
4.Widya Saraswati
5.Yulia Heliyanti
6.Zahra Zulfi K.

PROLOGUE

History : first Indians came to the American continent

from Asia over 20,000 years ago. At that time it was
very cold and ice covered most of the northern part of
our world->across the Bering Strait and spread ->the
southern part of South America.

Agricultural revolution

Rather than hunting the first Americans usually relied

on farming or a combination of farming, hunting, and
gathering live hoods.

Regional Way

In South West ->The region

extending from Southeastern
California through Arizona , New
Mexico and western Texas , into
northwestern Mexico->Pueblos are
well known.

Shared Ways :The Indigenous

people placed a high value on
gift giving .

The Dark Ages of Indian History :

16th 19th ->the arrival of large
numbers of European ->
European carried diseases killed

The Northern Ways

In 1630, the Puritans were on their way to

plant a new colony in North America. Leaded
by John Winthrop.

They were to built a city upon a hill.

They place religious beliefs and practices,

from bible they developed a complex set of

Relations with Native

Americans

The opinion of their superiority, leads the

Puritans to build strong communities with
Native Americans. Especially to spread their
religion.

One of famous missionary was John Eliot. Due

to his work and a few other missionaries, in
the last 17th century several hundred Native
Americans had relocated in fourteen English-

The Ways of Others

Passion was a problem for

middle-class Victorian

All of the American had to

compete each other to be

survive

An Unspeakable Sadness

The inferior of North America could

have been set as a permanent
homeland for the continents
indigenous people.

The Indians had no legitimate claims

to cultures of their own.

Indian Responses

During the first three decades of the

nineteenth century, the Cherokees
adopted a written constitution
modeled after that of the United
States.

A group of Indian prophets supplied

the ideological core of the Indian

The Culmination of the

White
The Dawes
Act asAssault
an alternative to
the enormous power of traditional
tribal structures and the ancestral
ways of the Indians.

Whites apparently shielded

themselves by weaving a romantic
shroud of fantasy and nostalgia

The Pendulum Swings of

Indian Policy

Self-Determination
replaced Termination

Indians is called nation

within a nation Indian

Authority Over Indians

King George III issued royal proclamation

US Constitution gave Congress the power to

regulate commerce with the Indian tribes

Congress passed the Indian Removal Act

support ebbed

The sectional differences between North and

South westward expansion began again
Reservation policy

Reservation policy broken under the General

The Indian New Deal

The Indian New Deal the cornerstone: Indian

Reorganization Act (IRA) was resisted by

some tribal nations
Termination became federal policy the key

element: Relocation

Largely due to Termination and Relocation,

today more than Americans live off
reservations.

Self-Determination

Self-Determination by
President Nixon

Self-Determination remains
official policy today native

nations can govern themselves

and their citizens

Indigenous People in the

What is indigenous people?

21st Century

native people that fight to protect their land, natural

resources, cultural practices. They have such enormous
diversity on history, language, culture, system of
governance, and way of life on each group ( -+5000 distinct
group).

Shared Issues :

common values :

Inseparable

Problems rooted in Colonialism

Colonial policies :

Social

Economic

Political

Basic rights :

disregarded, assimilated into colonial

society and culture by policies
poverty, raised mortality,
unemployment, substance abuse.

U.N Declaration :

protects self-determination and treaty

rights of indigenous people ( economic,
social, culture development).

What does it mean to be an

1.

2.
3.

4.

Being part of a community

indigenous person in the 21st

Trusting on owns vision

century?

Sharing
and
networking
knowledge and best practices

traditional

Being an entrepreneur, physician, scientist

5. Honoring the ancestors

Living Traditions of Native

America

Four major ideas to understanding the past and

present situation of native peoples
1. diverse culture human must be stewards of
a living world
2. individuals their tribal community
3. the trauma past time who we are today
4. native peoples creative expressions

NMAI described Native America as

ancient and modern, and always
changing

Many are intermarried with people of other

ethnic and racial backgrounds tribes are
tremendously diverse which each having
its own traditional culture, history,
language they seek a balance of
maintaining ancestral cultures

Discrimination and misunderstanding

had driven native Americans culture
were thought to be dying

collective efforts people of all

backgrounds open the gate of tribes
life

They build a museum

Native Americans are living in a

balance with the natural and spiritual
realms They shared cultural

Native identity is about relationships

they belong to specific community
that defines its own membership

The brilliance of Native cultures is a

manifold

THANK YOU

Sources :