Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Jan 07
CONFIDENTIAL
OMRON
Topics
1.
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The ultrasonic sensor generates sound wave and measures the time of flight of this
wave from sensor to and from the object and calculates the distance to the target. A
simple teach-in setting defines the distance at which the sensor will switch.
Sensing performance is not affected by object color, surface and texture.
Sound waves
Transmitter
Receiver
object
Tone Burst
Ultrasonic sensor
Sensing zone
Dead zone
If object is too near to the sensor (within the dead zone), the tone burst
leading edge can strike the target and return in echo to the sensor
before the trailing edge left the transducer. The echo generated can
reflect off the face of the sensor and goes back to the target. This
multiple echo can cause error.
Background suppression
Ultrasonic sensor measures the elapsed time from the sensor to the
target object and back from it. When the sensor is adjusted to sense the
object at a given distance, a timing window is established. The sensor
accepts and acknowledge the echoes received within the window. Signal
echoing from background materials will not trigger the sensor.
t= 50ms
Object
Background
Ultrasonic sensor
T= 80ms
The sensor recognizes that
the timing for the echoes is
longer than expected and will
not trigger an output.
Sensing Distance
75%
Metal
55%
Cardboard
30%
Sponge
10%
3X3
12X12
50X50
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3.
Latest
3 types of sensor heads with different sensing distance to choose from (30cm, 80cm or 100cm)
Amplifier is available in twin output and analog output models
Almost straight directional pattern
5.
7.
Explanation
Directional
Characteristics
This indicates the range of the rated detection distance. Each model has a different
value.
Limit Zone
(Reflective Models)
Not only the maximum detection distance but also the minimum detection distance
can be adjusted, in connection with or independently of the maximum distance. This
detection range is called the limit zone (zone limit).
Explanation
Linearity
When the relation between the distance and the linear output at fixed temperature
and
voltage conditions is shown as a graph, this is the percentage of the maximum error
with respect to an ideal straight line.
Multi-reflection
This occurs when ultrasonic waves that have already reflected from the detection
object once reflect from the sensor head surface, nearby walls, or the ceiling back to
the detection object, and then back to the sensor.
For e.g. in the case of double reflection, the same ultrasound waves are received as
a single reflection but at twice the distance.
The non-sensitive zone is the interval between the surface of the sensor head and
the minimum detection distance resulting from detection distance adjustment. The
uncertainty zone is the area close to the sensor head configuration and
reverberations.
Detection may occur in the uncertainty zone due to multi-reflection between the
sensor and the object.
Received Waves
Transmitted ultrasound waves that are received at the transducer, and which are
either direct or reflected from an object. Normally expressed as a converted voltage,
Explanation
Reflection &
Transmission
Ultrasound waves move straight forward in a uniform medium, and are reflected and
transmitted at the boundary between differing media. This phenomenon is affected by
the type and shape of the media. A human body in air causes considerable reflection
and can be easily detected.
Side Lobe
Directivity is indicated using a graph showing the sound level as a length from the
center as the angle is shifted away from the angle of the transducer center, where the
sound level (sound strength) is a maximum. As the angle increases from the center,
the directivity decreases, and then after a certain point increases.
This is called the side lobe, and can result in stray reflection off peripheral objects
that will affect the detection characteristics.
Speed of Sound
The speed of sound "C" in air is C 331.5 + 0.61 (m/s), where is the air
temperature (C). The speed of sound changes as the air temperature changes, and
this results in temperature-based distance measurement error.
Transducer
This is a device which uses electrical energy to generate ultrasonic waves, and which
also converts ultrasonic vibrational energy
Transmitted Waves
Ultrasound waves that are emitted in the specified direction when the transducer is
connected to the oscillator. Normally expressed as a voltage applied to the
transducer, or as a sound pressure.
4. Application Examples
4. Application Examples
Detection of Tires
2. Sensing Distance
(Longest up till 6metres => E4PA-N)
3. Directional Characteristics
(Straight directional pattern => E4C-UDA Series)
4. Built-in Amplifier / Separate Amplifier
5. Output Configuration
6. Response Frequency